ATT Numbers Header (Movable)For anybody that trades with ATT (Advanced Time Technique) And can't remember the numbers and want's to have them on their chart at all time with full customizability as well this indicator is for you.
インジケーターとストラテジー
WaveTrend Oscillator v3 [JopAlgo]WaveTrend Oscillator v3 — reversal focus with confirmation, not guesswork
Core idea
WaveTrend (WT) gives you a smoothed oscillator pair (WT1 and WT2) with overbought/oversold rails and a momentum histogram. This v3 adds two filters so reversals are earned, not guessed:
Heikin-Ashi trend check → only take crosses with candle bias
Reversal Confidence Score (RCS) → only fire when momentum vs ATR is strong enough
Add an optional divergence check so you only act when price and oscillator disagree into extremes.
What you’ll see
WT1 (green) and WT2 (red)
Histogram = WT1 − WT2 (gray columns)
Rails: Overbought = +60, Oversold = −60, and the Zero line
Labels when all conditions align → Smart Buy (below) or Smart Sell (above)
Read it fast → Are we near +60/−60? Did WT1 cross WT2? Is the histogram expanding in that direction? Did a Smart label print?
How the signals are built
A signal prints only if all are true:
Cross → Bull: WT1 crosses up WT2; Bear: WT1 crosses down WT2
Extreme → Bull: WT1 below −60; Bear: WT1 above +60
RCS filter → |WT1 − WT2| scaled by ATR must be > threshold (default 80)
Heikin-Ashi agreement → HA close vs open points the same way as the cross
Divergence (lookback N) → Bull: oscillator makes lower low while price doesn’t; Bear: oscillator higher high while price doesn’t
Result → a reversal-grade setup, not a continuation ping.
How to use it (simple playbook)
Direction filter
If you want a pure reversal tool, keep the default rails (+60/−60) → you’ll wait for true extremes.
If you want more frequency, relax the rails (e.g., +50/−50) or lower RCS (e.g., 70 → 65). More signals → more noise.
Entry logic
Long reversal template
→ Price drives down into a value area edge (VAL/LVN)
→ WT1 < −60, WT1 ↗ WT2, RCS > threshold, HA bias up, bullish divergence
→ Enter on reclaim of the level or on the first higher-low after the cross
Short reversal template
→ Price pushes into VAH/HVN
→ WT1 > +60, WT1 ↘ WT2, RCS > threshold, HA bias down, bearish divergence
→ Enter on rejection and lower-high after the cross
Location first (always)
Use Volume Profile v3.2 (VAH/VAL/POC/LVNs) for where to act
Use Anchored VWAP (session/weekly/event) for who has control
No level → no trade. A WT flip into a level is better than one mid-range.
Risk & targets
Stops → beyond the sweep extreme or beyond the reclaimed level
Targets → ladder to next Fib/VP nodes (POC/HVNs, VA mid), then trail behind swings or the WT zero-line reclaim
Settings that matter (and how to tune)
WT Length (default 10) → core smoothing of the channel
→ Lower = faster turns; higher = calmer oscillator
WT EMA Smoothing (default 21) and Signal Smoothing (default 3)
→ Increase to reduce chop; decrease to react earlier
Overbought / Oversold (default +60/−60)
→ Tighten to +50/−50 for more frequent reversals; widen to +70/−70 for only the strongest
RCS Threshold (default 80)
→ Down to 70 for earlier triggers; up to 90 for only the punchiest turns
Divergence Lookback (default 5)
→ Shorter finds more local divs; longer finds bigger swings
Starter presets
Intraday (15m–1H) → WT 10/21, signal 3, rails ±60, RCS 80, div 5
Swing (2H–4H) → WT 14/28, signal 3–5, rails ±60/±70, RCS 85–90, div 7–9
Pattern cheat sheet
Double-dip divergence → oscillator prints a lower low near −60 while price holds a higher low → high-quality long if RCS/HA agree
Zero-line reclaim after a smart long → momentum shift; use it to trail stops or add on retest
Failure signal → cross fires but RCS < threshold or histogram shrinks back toward 0 into a level → stand down or cut quick
Overbought drift → WT pinned near +60/+70 without cross down → trend grind; don’t fade blindly
Best combos (kept simple)
Volume Profile v3.2 → take WT reversals at VAH/VAL/LVNs; target POC/HVNs
Anchored VWAP → WT cross with an AVWAP reclaim/reject is higher quality
CVDv1 (optional) → prefer flows that align with the reversal; avoid if absorption is fighting you
Common mistakes this helps you avoid
Fading every spike without RCS/HA confirmation
Taking reversals mid-range, far from levels
Treating divergence as timing (it’s context; you still need the cross + filter)
Ignoring the zero-line behavior after entry (weak follow-through)
Disclaimer
This indicator and write-up are for education only, not financial advice. Trading involves risk; results vary by market, venue, and settings. Test first, act at defined levels, and manage risk. No guarantees or warranties are provided.
IDX Utility Set [zidaniee]Purpose
This indicator is not a technical analysis tool. It’s a companion overlay designed to guide your analysis of the uniquely structured Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).
Core Features
Centered Ticker Display – Clean, readable ticker shown at the center of the chart.
Company Name – Displays the listed company’s full name.
Active Timeframe – Shows the currently selected timeframe.
Additional Features
ATH & ATL Markers – Labels the All-Time High (ATH) and All-Time Low (ATL) and shows the percentage distance from the latest price to each level, so you can quickly gauge upside/downside room.
IDX Fraction (Tick) Levels – Visualizes Indonesia’s price-fraction (tick) brackets. This matters because tick size changes by price range—very useful for scalpers and fast traders.
ARA/ARB Levels (Realtime) – Plots Auto-Reject Upper (ARA) and Auto-Reject Lower (ARB) levels in real time. Levels refresh in line with IDX trading hours 09:00–16:00 WIB (UTC+7), so your view stays consistent both during and outside market hours. This feature already complies with the latest rules and adjustments set by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).
Suspension Status – Shows SUSPENDED if the stock is halted/suspended, helping you avoid unnecessary analysis. The suspension check compares today’s date with the last available candle date and accounts for weekends.
Note: WIB = Western Indonesia Time (UTC+7).
Multi-Timeframe MACD with Color Mix (Nikko)Multi-Timeframe MACD with Color Mix (Nikko) Indicator
This documentation explains the benefits of the "Multi-Timeframe MACD with Color Mix (Nikko)" indicator for traders and provides easy-to-follow steps on how to use it. Written as of 05:06 AM +07 on Saturday, October 04, 2025, this guide focuses on helping you, as a trader, get the most out of this tool with clear, practical advice before diving into the technical details.
Benefits for Traders
1. Multi-Timeframe Insight
This indicator lets you see momentum trends across 15-minute, 1-hour, 1-day, and 1-week timeframes all on one chart. This big-picture view helps you catch both quick market moves and long-term trends without flipping between charts, saving you time and giving you a fuller understanding of the market.
2. Visual Momentum Representation
The background changes from red to green based on short-term (15m) momentum, giving you a quick, easy-to-see signal—red means bearish (prices might drop), and green means bullish (prices might rise). The histogram uses a mix of red, green, and blue colors to show the combined strength of the 1-hour, 1-day, and 1-week timeframes, helping you spot strong trends at a glance (e.g., a bright mix for strong momentum, darker for weaker).
3. Enhanced Decision-Making
The background and histogram colors work together to confirm trends across different timeframes, making it less likely you’ll act on a false signal. This helps you feel more confident when deciding when to buy, sell, or hold.
4. Proactive Alert System
You can set alerts to notify you when the percentage of bullish timeframes hits your chosen levels (e.g., below 10% for bearish, above 90% for bullish). This keeps you in the loop on big momentum shifts without needing to watch the chart all day—perfect for when you’re busy.
5. Flexibility and Efficiency
You can turn timeframes on or off, adjust settings like speed of the moving averages, and tweak transparency to fit your trading style—whether you’re a fast scalper or a patient swing trader. Everything is shown on one chart, saving you effort, and the colors make it simple to read, even if you’re new to trading.
How to Use It
Getting Started
Add the Indicator: Load the "Multi-Timeframe MACD with Color Mix (Nikko)" onto your TradingView chart using the Pine Script editor or indicator library.
Pick Your Timeframes: Turn on the timeframes that match your trading—use 15m and 1h for quick trades, or 1d and 1w for longer holds—using the enable_15m, enable_1h, enable_1d, enable_1w, and enable_background options.
Reading the Colors
Background Gradient: Watch for red to signal bearish 15m momentum and green for bullish momentum. Adjust the Background_transparency (default 75%, or 25% opacity) if the chart feels too busy—try lowering it to 50 for clearer candlesticks in fast markets.
Histogram and EMA Colors:
The histogram and its Exponential Moving Average (EMA) line show a mix of red (1-week), green (1-day), and blue (1-hour) based on how strong the momentum is in each timeframe.
Brighter colors mean stronger momentum—white (all bright) shows all timeframes are pushing up hard, while darker shades (like gray or black) mean weaker or mixed momentum.
Turn off a timeframe (e.g., enable_1h = false) to see how it changes the color mix and focus on what matters to you.
Setting Alerts
Set Your Levels: Choose a threshold_low (default 10%) and threshold_high (default 90%) based on your comfort zone or past market patterns to catch big turns.
Get Notifications: Use TradingView alerts to get pings when the market hits your set levels, so you can act without staring at the screen.
Practical Tips
Pair with Other Tools: Use it with support/resistance lines or the RSI to double-check your moves and build a solid plan.
Tweak Settings: Adjust fast_length, slow_length, and signal_smoothing to match your asset’s speed, and bump up the lookback (default 50) for steadier trends in wild markets.
Practice First: Test different timeframe combos on a demo account to find what works best for you.
Understanding the Colors (Simple Explanation)
How Colors Work
The histogram and its EMA line use a color mix based on a simple idea from color theory, like mixing paints with red, green, and blue (RGB):
Red comes from the 1-week timeframe, green from 1-day, and blue from 1-hour.
When all three timeframes show strong upward momentum, they blend into bright white—the brightest color, like a super-bright light telling you the market’s roaring up.
If some timeframes are weak or pulling down, the mix gets darker (like gray or black), warning you the momentum might not be solid.
Brighter is Better
Bright Colors = Strong Opportunity: The brighter the histogram and EMA (closer to white), the more all your chosen timeframes are in agreement that prices are rising. This is your signal to think about buying or holding, as it points to a powerful trend you can ride.
Dark Colors = Caution: A darker mix (toward black) means some timeframes are lagging or bearish, suggesting you might wait or consider selling. It’s like a dim light saying, “Hold on, check again.”
Benefit in Practice: Watching the brightness helps you jump on the best trades fast. For example, a bright white histogram on a green background is like a green traffic light—go for it! A dark gray on red is like a red light—pause and rethink. This quick color check can save you from bad moves and boost your profits when the trend is strong.
Why It Helps
These colors are your fast friend in trading. A bright histogram means all your timeframes are cheering for an uptrend, giving you the confidence to act. A dull one tells you to be careful, helping you avoid traps. It’s like having a color-coded guide to pick the hottest market moments!
Technical Details
Input Parameters
Fast Length (default: 12): Short-term moving average speed.
Slow Length (default: 26): Long-term moving average speed.
Source (default: close): Price data used.
Signal Smoothing (default: 9): Smooths the signal line.
MA Type (default: EMA): Choose EMA or SMA.
Timeframe and Scaling
Timeframes: 15m, 1h, 1d, 1w, with on/off switches.
Lookback Period (default: 50): Sets the data window for trends.
Background Transparency (default: 75%): Controls background see-through level.
MACD Calculation
Per Timeframe: Uses request.security():
MACD Line: ta.ema(src, fast_length) - ta.ema(src, slow_length).
Signal Line: ta.ema(MACD, signal_length).
Histogram: (macd - signal) / 3.0.
Background Gradient
15m Normalization: norm_value = (hist_15m - hist_15m_min) / max(hist_15m_range, 1e-10), limited to 0-1.
RGB Mix: Red drops from 255 to 0, green rises from 0 to 255, blue stays 0.
Apply: color.new(color.rgb(r_val, g_val, b_val), Background_transparency).
Histogram and EMA Colors
Color Assignment:
1h: Blue (#0000FF) if hist_1h >= 0, else black.
1d: Green (#00FF00) if hist_1d >= 0, else black.
1w: Red (#FF0000) if hist_1w >= 0, else black.
Final Color: final_color = color.rgb(min(r, 255), min(g, 255), min(b, 255)).
Plotting: Histogram and EMA use final_color; MACD (#2962FF), signal (#FF6D00).
Alerts
Bullish Percentage: bullish_pct = (bullish_count / bullish_total) * 100, counting hist >= 0.
Triggers: Below threshold_low or above threshold_high.
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Conclusion
The "Multi-Timeframe MACD with Color Mix (Nikko)" is your all-in-one tool to spot trends, confirm moves, and trade smarter with its bright, easy-to-read colors. By using it wisely, you can sharpen your market edge and trade with more confidence.
This README is tailored for traders and reflects the indicator's practical value as of 05:06 AM +07 on October 04, 2025.
Impulse Range Compression & Expansion (IRCE)📌 Impulse Range Compression & Expansion (IRCE) – Visualizing Price Traps Before Breakouts
📖 Overview
The IRCE Indicator is a precision breakout detection tool designed to identify consolidation traps and price coil zones before expansion moves occur. Unlike traditional volatility indicators that rely solely on statistical thresholds (e.g., Bollinger Bands or ATR), IRCE focuses on behavioral price compression, detecting tight-range candle clusters and validating breakouts through body expansion and/or volume surges.
This makes it ideal for traders looking to:
• Catch breakouts from range traps
• Avoid choppy and premature signals
• Spot early-stage momentum moves based on clean price behavior
⸻
⚙️ How It Works
1. Impulse Range Compression Detection
• Measures the high-low range of each candle
• Compares it to a user-defined average range (default 7 bars)
• Flags candles where the range is significantly smaller (e.g., <60% of average)
• Groups these into tight clusters, indicating compression zones or potential “trap ranges”
2. Cluster Box Construction
• When a valid cluster (e.g., 3 or more tight candles) is detected, the indicator:
• Marks the high and low of the cluster
• Draws a shaded box over this “trap zone”
• This helps visually track where price has coiled before a breakout
3. Breakout Confirmation Logic
A breakout from the trap zone is only validated when:
• Price closes above the cluster high (bullish) or below the cluster low (bearish)
• One or both of the following confirm strength:
• Body Expansion: Current candle body is 120%+ of recent average
• Volume Expansion: Volume exceeds recent volume average
4. Optional Trend Filter
• An optional EMA filter (default: 50 EMA) ensures breakout signals align with trend direction
• Helps filter out countertrend noise in ranging markets
5. Signal Cooldown
• Prevents repeated signals by enforcing a cooldown period (e.g., 10 bars) between entries
⸻
🖥️ Visual Elements
• 📦 Yellow compression boxes represent tight price traps
• 🟢 Buy labels appear when price breaks above the trap with confirmation
• 🔴 Sell labels appear when price breaks below with confirmation
• All visuals are non-repainting and updated in real-time
🧠 How to Use
1. Wait for a yellow trap box to appear
2. Watch for a confirmed breakout from the trap zone
3. Take the trade in the direction of the breakout:
• Only if it satisfies body or volume confirmation
• And if trend alignment is enabled, it must match EMA direction
4. Place stops just outside the opposite end of the trap zone
5. Use risk/reward ratios or structure levels for exits
This logic works great on:
• Lower timeframes (scalping breakouts)
• Higher timeframes (detecting price coiling before major moves)
• Any market: Stocks, Crypto, FX, Commodities
⸻
🔒 Technical Notes
• ✅ No repainting
• ✅ No future-looking logic
• ✅ Suitable for both discretionary and systematic traders
• ✅ Built in Pine Script v6
Ultra Clean Support / Resistance LevelsThis provides an Ultra Clean look for Support and Resistance levels
Kairi Relative Index Upgrated v1Kairi Relative Index Upgraded v1 — how far from “fair” are we, right now?
Most oscillators mash together price and momentum in ways that are hard to explain to a new trader. KRI is refreshingly simple: it measures how far price is from its moving average, as a percent of that average.
KRI = 100 × (Price − SMA) / SMA
Above 0 → price is above its average (stretched up).
Below 0 → price is below its average (stretched down).
The farther from 0, the more stretched we are from the mean.
This upgraded version keeps the pane clean (zero line, colored KRI, optional guide rails at +Line Above / Line Below) so you can read extension, reversion pressure, and reclaims at a glance—on any timeframe.
(If you add screenshots: image #1 should label the zero line and ± threshold lines; image #2 should show a textbook “overshoot at VAH/VAL + KRI extreme → rotate back to POC.”)
What you’re seeing (and how to read it fast)
KRI line
Green when KRI ≥ 0 (price above SMA)
Red when KRI < 0 (price below SMA)
Zero line = the moving average itself (no stretch).
Guide lines (default +10/−10) = “This is pretty far for this setting.” Treat these as review-and-decide zones, not auto-trade signals.
Three quick reads:
Magnitude: how far from the mean (size of KRI).
Direction: above/below zero (which side of the mean).
Turn: KRI curling back toward zero (reversion starting) or accelerating away (trend impulse continuing).
What KRI really measures (plain-English)
The SMA(length) is your “fair value” line for this indicator.
KRI tells you the percentage deviation from that fair value—normalized, so you can compare across assets/timeframes with the same length.
Because it’s a pure distance metric, KRI excels at:
spotting over-extensions into VP edges (VAH/VAL) and AVWAP,
timing mean-reversion back to POC/AVWAP in balance,
confirming reclaims (KRI crossing back through zero at a level),
framing pullbacks in trend (healthy dips usually avoid deep negative KRI in strong uptrends).
Using KRI on any timeframe
The workflow is always Location → Flow → KRI:
Location: a real level (Volume Profile v3.2’s VAH/VAL/POC/LVNs or Anchored VWAP).
Flow quality: check CVDv1 (Alignment OK? Absorption not red?).
KRI: are we stretched into/away from the level, and is KRI turning?
Scalping (1–5m)
Fade the stretch (balance): At VAH/VAL or Session AVWAP, an extreme KRI that rolls back toward zero = quick rotation to the middle (POC/AVWAP).
Don’t fade if bands are expanding and flow is strong (CVDv1 says go) — big KRI can stay big in expansion.
Intraday (15m–1H)
Continuation after pullback: In uptrends, look for shallow negative KRI at support (VAL/AVWAP) that turns up → join trend.
Failed breakout tell: Price pokes above VAH but KRI barely increases or rolls over quickly → likely a reclaim back inside value.
Swing (2H–4H)
Edge-to-mean rotations: At composite VAH/VAL, KRI extremes are great context: fade back to POC/HVNs if flow doesn’t confirm a breakout.
Reclaim confirmation: After a flush below Weekly AVWAP, KRI crossing back up through zero on the reclaim bar is a clean green light.
Position (1D–1W)
Regime posture: Multi-day runs with sustained positive KRI (and shallow dips) = constructive; mirror for downtrends. Use KRI pullbacks to ~0 at Weekly AVWAP for adds.
Entries, exits, and risk (simple rules)
Mean-reversion entry: At VAH/VAL or AVWAP, wait for KRI extreme at/through your guide line and a turn back toward zero.
Stop: just beyond the level; Target: POC/HVN or the zero line on KRI.
Trend-continuation entry: In a trend, take pullbacks where KRI stays modest (doesn’t blow through your lower/upper guide) and turns back with the trend at the level.
Avoid: chasing breakouts where KRI is already extreme and still climbing unless CVDv1 says Alignment OK + no Absorption and you have a clean retest.
Settings that matter (and how to tune them)
Length (default 50): defines the moving average “fair value.”
Shorter (20–34): faster, more signals, more noise—good for intraday.
Longer (50–100): steadier, better for swings/position.
Source (default close): keep it simple; hlc3 or close both work.
Line Above / Below (defaults +10/−10): your review zones. Tune them to the asset/timeframe:
Scroll back 6–12 months and eyeball typical |KRI| spikes. Set your lines around the 80th–90th percentile of |KRI| for that market and length.
Majors often need smaller thresholds than thin alts on the same timeframe.
Tip: If your KRI is always beyond the lines, increase length or widen the thresholds. If it never touches them, shorten length or tighten thresholds.
What to look for (pattern cheat sheet)
Stretch into level → curl: KRI tags an extreme right at VAH/VAL/AVWAP, then turns back → classic rotation.
Shallow pullback in trend: KRI dips toward zero but doesn’t hit your lower guide, then turns up at support → continuation.
No-juice break: New price high with weaker KRI (smaller positive % vs prior leg) → breakout lacks extension; plan for retest or reclaim.
Zero-line reclaims: After a washout, KRI crosses zero as price reclaims AVWAP/VAL → clean confirmation.
Combining KRI with other tools
Cumulative Volume Delta v1 (CVDv1):
Use KRI for stretch/turn, CVDv1 for quality.
A KRI extreme at VAH with CVDv1 Absorption (red) is a do-not-chase; look for the fail/reclaim.
A KRI pullback toward zero at VAL with Alignment OK + strong Imbalance + no Absorption = high-quality continuation.
Volume Profile v3.2:
KRI’s best signals happen at VAH/VAL/POC/LVNs.
LVN traversals with rising KRI often run quickly to the next HVN—use VP for targets.
Anchored VWAP :
Treat AVWAP as fair-value rails. KRI zero cross on an AVWAP reclaim is your green flag; KRI extreme + failure to accept beyond AVWAP warns of a fake break.
Common pitfalls KRI helps you avoid
Buying high into a tired move: KRI already very positive at VAH and rolling over = likely rotation; wait.
Fading true expansion: In strong trends with confirmed flow, KRI can remain extreme; don’t automatically fade just because it’s “far.”
Wrong thresholds: Copy-pasting ±10 to every market/timeframe can mislead. Calibrate to the market you trade.
Practical defaults to start with
Length: 50
Lines: +10 / −10 as placeholders—calibrate later.
Timeframes: great out of the box on 15m–4H; for 1–5m try Length 34 and tighter lines; for daily swings try Length 100 and broader lines.
Process: Level → CVDv1 quality → KRI stretch/turn. If any of the three disagree, wait for the retest.
Disclaimer & Licensing
This indicator and its description are provided for educational purposes only and do not constitute financial or investment advice. Trading involves risk, including the possible loss of capital. makes no warranties and assumes no responsibility for any decisions or outcomes resulting from the use of this script. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Use at your own risk.
Licensing & Attribution:
Copyright (c) 2018–present, Alex Orekhov (everget). Modified and upgraded by .
The original “Kairi Relative Index” is released under the MIT License, and this derivative is distributed under the MIT License as well. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files to deal in the Software without restriction, subject to the conditions of the MIT License, including the above copyright notice and this permission notice. The Software is provided “AS IS,” without warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Alt buy signal 1H Entry + 4H Confirm (MACD + Stoch RSI + HMA)This indicator is a multi-timeframe (MTF) analysis tool designed for the ALT trading , capturing entry signals on the 1-hour (1H) timeframe and confirming trends on the 4-hour (4H) timeframe. It combines MACD, Stoch RSI, and Hull Moving Average (HMA) to identify precise buy opportunities, particularly at reversal points after a downtrend or during trend shifts. It visually marks both past and current BUY signals for easy reference.
Key Features:
1H Entry Signal (Early Ping): Triggers on a MACD golden cross (below 0) combined with a Stoch RSI oversold cross (below 20), offering an initial buy opportunity.
4H Trend Confirmation (Entry Ready): Validates the trend with a 4H MACD histogram rising (in negative territory) or a golden cross, plus a Stoch RSI turn-up (above 30).
Past BUY Display: Labels past data points where these conditions were met as "1H BUY" or "FULL BUY," facilitating backtesting.
HMA Filter: Optional HMA(16) to confirm price breakouts, enhancing trend validation.
Purpose: Ideal for short-term scalping and swing trading. Supports a two-step strategy: initial partial entry on 1H signals, followed by additional entry on 4H confirmation.
Usage Instructions
Installation: Add the indicator to an IMX/USDT 1H chart on TradingView.
Signal Interpretation:
lime "1H BUY": 1H conditions met, consider initial entry (stop-loss: 3-5% below recent low).
green "FULL BUY": 1H+4H conditions met, confirm trend for additional entry (take-profit: 10% below recent swing high).
Customization: Adjust TF (1H/4H), MACD/Stoch RSI parameters, and HMA usage via the input settings.
Alert Setup: Enable alerts for "ENTRY READY" (1H+4H) or "EARLY PING" (1H only) conditions.
Advantages
Accuracy: Reduces false signals by combining MACD golden cross below 0 with Stoch RSI oversold conditions.
Dual Confirmation: 1H for quick timing and 4H for trend validation, improving risk management.
Visualization: Past BUY points enable easy backtesting and pattern recognition.
Flexibility: 4H confirmation mode adjustable (histogram rise or golden cross).
Limitations
Timeframe Dependency: Optimized for 1H charts; may not work on other timeframes.
Market Conditions: Potential whipsaws in sideways markets; additional filters (e.g., RSI > 50) recommended.
Manual Management: Stop-loss and take-profit require user discretion.
my_strategy_2.0Overview:
This is a high-speed scalping strategy optimized for volatile crypto assets (BTC, ETH, etc.) on timeframes 1m–5m. It combines trend-following SuperTrend with confirmations from MACD, RSI, Bollinger Bands, and volume spikes for precise entries. Focus on quick profits (1–3 ATR) with strict risk control: partial take-profits, stop-loss, and trailing breakeven after the first TP.
Key Signals:
Long: SuperTrend flip up + MACD crossover up + RSI >50 + BB Upper breakout + volume spike + volatility filter (ATR >0.5%).
Short: Similar but downward.
Exits and Risks:
TP: 33% at +1 ATR, 33% at +2 ATR, 34% at +3 ATR (customizable).
SL: Initial at -1 ATR, after TP1 — to breakeven with trailing on BB midline (optional).
Filters: Minimum ATR to avoid flat markets; realistic commissions in backtests.
Recommendations:
Test on 2020–2025 data (out-of-sample 2024+). Expected Win Rate ~55%, Profit Factor >1.8, Drawdown <10%. Ideal for 1–2% risk per trade. Not for beginners — use paper trading.
Disclaimer: Past results do not guarantee future performance. Trade at your own risk.
(Pine v6 code, ready for publication. Author: gopog777 with expert fixes.)
Trend RiderTrend Rider is an all-in-one trading tool that helps you catch reversals, confirm trends, and spot key market levels with precision. It blends EMA clouds, volume filters, Bollinger Bands, swing levels, and session ranges into one streamlined system.
What makes Trend Rider powerful
• Dual EMA Clouds – clearly show short-term vs. long-term trend direction.
• Buy/Sell Signals – triggered on EMA crossovers, confirmed by volume strength.
• BB Reversal Mode – filters trades with Bollinger volatility and proximity to band extremes.
• Swing Levels – auto-plot important Highs/Lows as dynamic support and resistance.
• Session Ranges – highlight U.S. session and weekend boxes to track liquidity and gaps.
• Timeframe Guard – optimized exclusively for the 15-minute chart for higher accuracy.
• Alerts – every signal can fire TradingView notifications on bar close for higher reliability.
Core Value
Instead of stacking multiple tools, Trend Rider merges everything into one: trend confirmation, volume analysis, volatility filters, and key levels. The result is cleaner charts, sharper signals, and faster decisions.
Сreated with vibecoding using ChatGPT and Claude.
ORB 5 Minute w/FVG and Retracement Breakout strategy creates five minute breakout lines on the 1 minute chart. Highlights any fair value gaps created within ORB and creates an arrow showing when a candle retraces into the fvg.
PG DMean & Price Sync ver 9.4 - ConsolidatedPG DMean & Price Sync Strategy (SD Filter)
This strategy combines the momentum-oscillator properties of the Detrended Mean (DMean) with a Standard Deviation (SD) Price Filter for confirming trend direction, aiming to isolate high-conviction trades while actively managing risk.
🔑 Core Logic
DMean Momentum Signal: The strategy's primary engine is the DMean, which measures the percentage difference between the current closing price and a longer-term Moving Average (price_ma). It is then smoothed by a DMean Signal line (MA of the DMean).
Entry Signal: A trade is triggered when the DMean line crosses above (for Long) or below (for Short) its Signal Line, but it must clear a user-defined Dead Zone Threshold to confirm momentum commitment.
SD Filter Confirmation (Price Sync): A Standard Deviation Channel, based on a separate user-defined price source and period, is used to filter trades.
Long Filter: Allows Long entries only when the price is trading above the lower SD band, suggesting the current price action is stronger than the recent average volatility to the downside.
Short Filter: Allows Short entries only when the price is currently below the Filter Basis (SMA), confirming a bearish stance within the SD channel.
🛡️ Risk & Exit Management
Primary Exit: All trades are exited by reverse DMean Crossover/Crossunder, meaning the position is closed when the DMean momentum reverses against the open trade (e.g., DMean crosses under the Signal to exit a Long).
Hard Stop Loss (Short Trades): A mandatory percentage-based Hard Stop Loss is implemented only for short positions to protect against sudden upward price spikes, closing the trade if the loss exceeds the set percentage. (Note: This version does not include a Hard SL for Long trades).
📊 Performance Dashboard
A custom Performance Dashboard Table is displayed at the bottom right of the chart to provide real-time, at-a-glance comparison of the strategy's equity performance versus a simple Buy & Hold over the selected backtesting date range.
Dynamic Equity Allocation Model"Cash is Trash"? Not Always. Here's Why Science Beats Guesswork.
Every retail trader knows the frustration: you draw support and resistance lines, you spot patterns, you follow market gurus on social media—and still, when the next bear market hits, your portfolio bleeds red. Meanwhile, institutional investors seem to navigate market turbulence with ease, preserving capital when markets crash and participating when they rally. What's their secret?
The answer isn't insider information or access to exotic derivatives. It's systematic, scientifically validated decision-making. While most retail traders rely on subjective chart analysis and emotional reactions, professional portfolio managers use quantitative models that remove emotion from the equation and process multiple streams of market information simultaneously.
This document presents exactly such a system—not a proprietary black box available only to hedge funds, but a fully transparent, academically grounded framework that any serious investor can understand and apply. The Dynamic Equity Allocation Model (DEAM) synthesizes decades of financial research from Nobel laureates and leading academics into a practical tool for tactical asset allocation.
Stop drawing colorful lines on your chart and start thinking like a quant. This isn't about predicting where the market goes next week—it's about systematically adjusting your risk exposure based on what the data actually tells you. When valuations scream danger, when volatility spikes, when credit markets freeze, when multiple warning signals align—that's when cash isn't trash. That's when cash saves your portfolio.
The irony of "cash is trash" rhetoric is that it ignores timing. Yes, being 100% cash for decades would be disastrous. But being 100% equities through every crisis is equally foolish. The sophisticated approach is dynamic: aggressive when conditions favor risk-taking, defensive when they don't. This model shows you how to make that decision systematically, not emotionally.
Whether you're managing your own retirement portfolio or seeking to understand how institutional allocation strategies work, this comprehensive analysis provides the theoretical foundation, mathematical implementation, and practical guidance to elevate your investment approach from amateur to professional.
The choice is yours: keep hoping your chart patterns work out, or start using the same quantitative methods that professionals rely on. The tools are here. The research is cited. The methodology is explained. All you need to do is read, understand, and apply.
The Dynamic Equity Allocation Model (DEAM) is a quantitative framework for systematic allocation between equities and cash, grounded in modern portfolio theory and empirical market research. The model integrates five scientifically validated dimensions of market analysis—market regime, risk metrics, valuation, sentiment, and macroeconomic conditions—to generate dynamic allocation recommendations ranging from 0% to 100% equity exposure. This work documents the theoretical foundations, mathematical implementation, and practical application of this multi-factor approach.
1. Introduction and Theoretical Background
1.1 The Limitations of Static Portfolio Allocation
Traditional portfolio theory, as formulated by Markowitz (1952) in his seminal work "Portfolio Selection," assumes an optimal static allocation where investors distribute their wealth across asset classes according to their risk aversion. This approach rests on the assumption that returns and risks remain constant over time. However, empirical research demonstrates that this assumption does not hold in reality. Fama and French (1989) showed that expected returns vary over time and correlate with macroeconomic variables such as the spread between long-term and short-term interest rates. Campbell and Shiller (1988) demonstrated that the price-earnings ratio possesses predictive power for future stock returns, providing a foundation for dynamic allocation strategies.
The academic literature on tactical asset allocation has evolved considerably over recent decades. Ilmanen (2011) argues in "Expected Returns" that investors can improve their risk-adjusted returns by considering valuation levels, business cycles, and market sentiment. The Dynamic Equity Allocation Model presented here builds on this research tradition and operationalizes these insights into a practically applicable allocation framework.
1.2 Multi-Factor Approaches in Asset Allocation
Modern financial research has shown that different factors capture distinct aspects of market dynamics and together provide a more robust picture of market conditions than individual indicators. Ross (1976) developed the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, a model that employs multiple factors to explain security returns. Following this multi-factor philosophy, DEAM integrates five complementary analytical dimensions, each tapping different information sources and collectively enabling comprehensive market understanding.
2. Data Foundation and Data Quality
2.1 Data Sources Used
The model draws its data exclusively from publicly available market data via the TradingView platform. This transparency and accessibility is a significant advantage over proprietary models that rely on non-public data. The data foundation encompasses several categories of market information, each capturing specific aspects of market dynamics.
First, price data for the S&P 500 Index is obtained through the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (ticker: SPY). The use of a highly liquid ETF instead of the index itself has practical reasons, as ETF data is available in real-time and reflects actual tradability. In addition to closing prices, high, low, and volume data are captured, which are required for calculating advanced volatility measures.
Fundamental corporate metrics are retrieved via TradingView's Financial Data API. These include earnings per share, price-to-earnings ratio, return on equity, debt-to-equity ratio, dividend yield, and share buyback yield. Cochrane (2011) emphasizes in "Presidential Address: Discount Rates" the central importance of valuation metrics for forecasting future returns, making these fundamental data a cornerstone of the model.
Volatility indicators are represented by the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) and related metrics. The VIX, often referred to as the market's "fear gauge," measures the implied volatility of S&P 500 index options and serves as a proxy for market participants' risk perception. Whaley (2000) describes in "The Investor Fear Gauge" the construction and interpretation of the VIX and its use as a sentiment indicator.
Macroeconomic data includes yield curve information through US Treasury bonds of various maturities and credit risk premiums through the spread between high-yield bonds and risk-free government bonds. These variables capture the macroeconomic conditions and financing conditions relevant for equity valuation. Estrella and Hardouvelis (1991) showed that the shape of the yield curve has predictive power for future economic activity, justifying the inclusion of these data.
2.2 Handling Missing Data
A practical problem when working with financial data is dealing with missing or unavailable values. The model implements a fallback system where a plausible historical average value is stored for each fundamental metric. When current data is unavailable for a specific point in time, this fallback value is used. This approach ensures that the model remains functional even during temporary data outages and avoids systematic biases from missing data. The use of average values as fallback is conservative, as it generates neither overly optimistic nor pessimistic signals.
3. Component 1: Market Regime Detection
3.1 The Concept of Market Regimes
The idea that financial markets exist in different "regimes" or states that differ in their statistical properties has a long tradition in financial science. Hamilton (1989) developed regime-switching models that allow distinguishing between different market states with different return and volatility characteristics. The practical application of this theory consists of identifying the current market state and adjusting portfolio allocation accordingly.
DEAM classifies market regimes using a scoring system that considers three main dimensions: trend strength, volatility level, and drawdown depth. This multidimensional view is more robust than focusing on individual indicators, as it captures various facets of market dynamics. Classification occurs into six distinct regimes: Strong Bull, Bull Market, Neutral, Correction, Bear Market, and Crisis.
3.2 Trend Analysis Through Moving Averages
Moving averages are among the oldest and most widely used technical indicators and have also received attention in academic literature. Brock, Lakonishok, and LeBaron (1992) examined in "Simple Technical Trading Rules and the Stochastic Properties of Stock Returns" the profitability of trading rules based on moving averages and found evidence for their predictive power, although later studies questioned the robustness of these results when considering transaction costs.
The model calculates three moving averages with different time windows: a 20-day average (approximately one trading month), a 50-day average (approximately one quarter), and a 200-day average (approximately one trading year). The relationship of the current price to these averages and the relationship of the averages to each other provide information about trend strength and direction. When the price trades above all three averages and the short-term average is above the long-term, this indicates an established uptrend. The model assigns points based on these constellations, with longer-term trends weighted more heavily as they are considered more persistent.
3.3 Volatility Regimes
Volatility, understood as the standard deviation of returns, is a central concept of financial theory and serves as the primary risk measure. However, research has shown that volatility is not constant but changes over time and occurs in clusters—a phenomenon first documented by Mandelbrot (1963) and later formalized through ARCH and GARCH models (Engle, 1982; Bollerslev, 1986).
DEAM calculates volatility not only through the classic method of return standard deviation but also uses more advanced estimators such as the Parkinson estimator and the Garman-Klass estimator. These methods utilize intraday information (high and low prices) and are more efficient than simple close-to-close volatility estimators. The Parkinson estimator (Parkinson, 1980) uses the range between high and low of a trading day and is based on the recognition that this information reveals more about true volatility than just the closing price difference. The Garman-Klass estimator (Garman and Klass, 1980) extends this approach by additionally considering opening and closing prices.
The calculated volatility is annualized by multiplying it by the square root of 252 (the average number of trading days per year), enabling standardized comparability. The model compares current volatility with the VIX, the implied volatility from option prices. A low VIX (below 15) signals market comfort and increases the regime score, while a high VIX (above 35) indicates market stress and reduces the score. This interpretation follows the empirical observation that elevated volatility is typically associated with falling markets (Schwert, 1989).
3.4 Drawdown Analysis
A drawdown refers to the percentage decline from the highest point (peak) to the lowest point (trough) during a specific period. This metric is psychologically significant for investors as it represents the maximum loss experienced. Calmar (1991) developed the Calmar Ratio, which relates return to maximum drawdown, underscoring the practical relevance of this metric.
The model calculates current drawdown as the percentage distance from the highest price of the last 252 trading days (one year). A drawdown below 3% is considered negligible and maximally increases the regime score. As drawdown increases, the score decreases progressively, with drawdowns above 20% classified as severe and indicating a crisis or bear market regime. These thresholds are empirically motivated by historical market cycles, in which corrections typically encompassed 5-10% drawdowns, bear markets 20-30%, and crises over 30%.
3.5 Regime Classification
Final regime classification occurs through aggregation of scores from trend (40% weight), volatility (30%), and drawdown (30%). The higher weighting of trend reflects the empirical observation that trend-following strategies have historically delivered robust results (Moskowitz, Ooi, and Pedersen, 2012). A total score above 80 signals a strong bull market with established uptrend, low volatility, and minimal losses. At a score below 10, a crisis situation exists requiring defensive positioning. The six regime categories enable a differentiated allocation strategy that not only distinguishes binarily between bullish and bearish but allows gradual gradations.
4. Component 2: Risk-Based Allocation
4.1 Volatility Targeting as Risk Management Approach
The concept of volatility targeting is based on the idea that investors should maximize not returns but risk-adjusted returns. Sharpe (1966, 1994) defined with the Sharpe Ratio the fundamental concept of return per unit of risk, measured as volatility. Volatility targeting goes a step further and adjusts portfolio allocation to achieve constant target volatility. This means that in times of low market volatility, equity allocation is increased, and in times of high volatility, it is reduced.
Moreira and Muir (2017) showed in "Volatility-Managed Portfolios" that strategies that adjust their exposure based on volatility forecasts achieve higher Sharpe Ratios than passive buy-and-hold strategies. DEAM implements this principle by defining a target portfolio volatility (default 12% annualized) and adjusting equity allocation to achieve it. The mathematical foundation is simple: if market volatility is 20% and target volatility is 12%, equity allocation should be 60% (12/20 = 0.6), with the remaining 40% held in cash with zero volatility.
4.2 Market Volatility Calculation
Estimating current market volatility is central to the risk-based allocation approach. The model uses several volatility estimators in parallel and selects the higher value between traditional close-to-close volatility and the Parkinson estimator. This conservative choice ensures the model does not underestimate true volatility, which could lead to excessive risk exposure.
Traditional volatility calculation uses logarithmic returns, as these have mathematically advantageous properties (additive linkage over multiple periods). The logarithmic return is calculated as ln(P_t / P_{t-1}), where P_t is the price at time t. The standard deviation of these returns over a rolling 20-trading-day window is then multiplied by √252 to obtain annualized volatility. This annualization is based on the assumption of independently identically distributed returns, which is an idealization but widely accepted in practice.
The Parkinson estimator uses additional information from the trading range (High minus Low) of each day. The formula is: σ_P = (1/√(4ln2)) × √(1/n × Σln²(H_i/L_i)) × √252, where H_i and L_i are high and low prices. Under ideal conditions, this estimator is approximately five times more efficient than the close-to-close estimator (Parkinson, 1980), as it uses more information per observation.
4.3 Drawdown-Based Position Size Adjustment
In addition to volatility targeting, the model implements drawdown-based risk control. The logic is that deep market declines often signal further losses and therefore justify exposure reduction. This behavior corresponds with the concept of path-dependent risk tolerance: investors who have already suffered losses are typically less willing to take additional risk (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979).
The model defines a maximum portfolio drawdown as a target parameter (default 15%). Since portfolio volatility and portfolio drawdown are proportional to equity allocation (assuming cash has neither volatility nor drawdown), allocation-based control is possible. For example, if the market exhibits a 25% drawdown and target portfolio drawdown is 15%, equity allocation should be at most 60% (15/25).
4.4 Dynamic Risk Adjustment
An advanced feature of DEAM is dynamic adjustment of risk-based allocation through a feedback mechanism. The model continuously estimates what actual portfolio volatility and portfolio drawdown would result at the current allocation. If risk utilization (ratio of actual to target risk) exceeds 1.0, allocation is reduced by an adjustment factor that grows exponentially with overutilization. This implements a form of dynamic feedback that avoids overexposure.
Mathematically, a risk adjustment factor r_adjust is calculated: if risk utilization u > 1, then r_adjust = exp(-0.5 × (u - 1)). This exponential function ensures that moderate overutilization is gently corrected, while strong overutilization triggers drastic reductions. The factor 0.5 in the exponent was empirically calibrated to achieve a balanced ratio between sensitivity and stability.
5. Component 3: Valuation Analysis
5.1 Theoretical Foundations of Fundamental Valuation
DEAM's valuation component is based on the fundamental premise that the intrinsic value of a security is determined by its future cash flows and that deviations between market price and intrinsic value are eventually corrected. Graham and Dodd (1934) established in "Security Analysis" the basic principles of fundamental analysis that remain relevant today. Translated into modern portfolio context, this means that markets with high valuation metrics (high price-earnings ratios) should have lower expected returns than cheaply valued markets.
Campbell and Shiller (1988) developed the Cyclically Adjusted P/E Ratio (CAPE), which smooths earnings over a full business cycle. Their empirical analysis showed that this ratio has significant predictive power for 10-year returns. Asness, Moskowitz, and Pedersen (2013) demonstrated in "Value and Momentum Everywhere" that value effects exist not only in individual stocks but also in asset classes and markets.
5.2 Equity Risk Premium as Central Valuation Metric
The Equity Risk Premium (ERP) is defined as the expected excess return of stocks over risk-free government bonds. It is the theoretical heart of valuation analysis, as it represents the compensation investors demand for bearing equity risk. Damodaran (2012) discusses in "Equity Risk Premiums: Determinants, Estimation and Implications" various methods for ERP estimation.
DEAM calculates ERP not through a single method but combines four complementary approaches with different weights. This multi-method strategy increases estimation robustness and avoids dependence on single, potentially erroneous inputs.
The first method (35% weight) uses earnings yield, calculated as 1/P/E or directly from operating earnings data, and subtracts the 10-year Treasury yield. This method follows Fed Model logic (Yardeni, 2003), although this model has theoretical weaknesses as it does not consistently treat inflation (Asness, 2003).
The second method (30% weight) extends earnings yield by share buyback yield. Share buybacks are a form of capital return to shareholders and increase value per share. Boudoukh et al. (2007) showed in "The Total Shareholder Yield" that the sum of dividend yield and buyback yield is a better predictor of future returns than dividend yield alone.
The third method (20% weight) implements the Gordon Growth Model (Gordon, 1962), which models stock value as the sum of discounted future dividends. Under constant growth g assumption: Expected Return = Dividend Yield + g. The model estimates sustainable growth as g = ROE × (1 - Payout Ratio), where ROE is return on equity and payout ratio is the ratio of dividends to earnings. This formula follows from equity theory: unretained earnings are reinvested at ROE and generate additional earnings growth.
The fourth method (15% weight) combines total shareholder yield (Dividend + Buybacks) with implied growth derived from revenue growth. This method considers that companies with strong revenue growth should generate higher future earnings, even if current valuations do not yet fully reflect this.
The final ERP is the weighted average of these four methods. A high ERP (above 4%) signals attractive valuations and increases the valuation score to 95 out of 100 possible points. A negative ERP, where stocks have lower expected returns than bonds, results in a minimal score of 10.
5.3 Quality Adjustments to Valuation
Valuation metrics alone can be misleading if not interpreted in the context of company quality. A company with a low P/E may be cheap or fundamentally problematic. The model therefore implements quality adjustments based on growth, profitability, and capital structure.
Revenue growth above 10% annually adds 10 points to the valuation score, moderate growth above 5% adds 5 points. This adjustment reflects that growth has independent value (Modigliani and Miller, 1961, extended by later growth theory). Net margin above 15% signals pricing power and operational efficiency and increases the score by 5 points, while low margins below 8% indicate competitive pressure and subtract 5 points.
Return on equity (ROE) above 20% characterizes outstanding capital efficiency and increases the score by 5 points. Piotroski (2000) showed in "Value Investing: The Use of Historical Financial Statement Information" that fundamental quality signals such as high ROE can improve the performance of value strategies.
Capital structure is evaluated through the debt-to-equity ratio. A conservative ratio below 1.0 multiplies the valuation score by 1.2, while high leverage above 2.0 applies a multiplier of 0.8. This adjustment reflects that high debt constrains financial flexibility and can become problematic in crisis times (Korteweg, 2010).
6. Component 4: Sentiment Analysis
6.1 The Role of Sentiment in Financial Markets
Investor sentiment, defined as the collective psychological attitude of market participants, influences asset prices independently of fundamental data. Baker and Wurgler (2006, 2007) developed a sentiment index and showed that periods of high sentiment are followed by overvaluations that later correct. This insight justifies integrating a sentiment component into allocation decisions.
Sentiment is difficult to measure directly but can be proxied through market indicators. The VIX is the most widely used sentiment indicator, as it aggregates implied volatility from option prices. High VIX values reflect elevated uncertainty and risk aversion, while low values signal market comfort. Whaley (2009) refers to the VIX as the "Investor Fear Gauge" and documents its role as a contrarian indicator: extremely high values typically occur at market bottoms, while low values occur at tops.
6.2 VIX-Based Sentiment Assessment
DEAM uses statistical normalization of the VIX by calculating the Z-score: z = (VIX_current - VIX_average) / VIX_standard_deviation. The Z-score indicates how many standard deviations the current VIX is from the historical average. This approach is more robust than absolute thresholds, as it adapts to the average volatility level, which can vary over longer periods.
A Z-score below -1.5 (VIX is 1.5 standard deviations below average) signals exceptionally low risk perception and adds 40 points to the sentiment score. This may seem counterintuitive—shouldn't low fear be bullish? However, the logic follows the contrarian principle: when no one is afraid, everyone is already invested, and there is limited further upside potential (Zweig, 1973). Conversely, a Z-score above 1.5 (extreme fear) adds -40 points, reflecting market panic but simultaneously suggesting potential buying opportunities.
6.3 VIX Term Structure as Sentiment Signal
The VIX term structure provides additional sentiment information. Normally, the VIX trades in contango, meaning longer-term VIX futures have higher prices than short-term. This reflects that short-term volatility is currently known, while long-term volatility is more uncertain and carries a risk premium. The model compares the VIX with VIX9D (9-day volatility) and identifies backwardation (VIX > 1.05 × VIX9D) and steep backwardation (VIX > 1.15 × VIX9D).
Backwardation occurs when short-term implied volatility is higher than longer-term, which typically happens during market stress. Investors anticipate immediate turbulence but expect calming. Psychologically, this reflects acute fear. The model subtracts 15 points for backwardation and 30 for steep backwardation, as these constellations signal elevated risk. Simon and Wiggins (2001) analyzed the VIX futures curve and showed that backwardation is associated with market declines.
6.4 Safe-Haven Flows
During crisis times, investors flee from risky assets into safe havens: gold, US dollar, and Japanese yen. This "flight to quality" is a sentiment signal. The model calculates the performance of these assets relative to stocks over the last 20 trading days. When gold or the dollar strongly rise while stocks fall, this indicates elevated risk aversion.
The safe-haven component is calculated as the difference between safe-haven performance and stock performance. Positive values (safe havens outperform) subtract up to 20 points from the sentiment score, negative values (stocks outperform) add up to 10 points. The asymmetric treatment (larger deduction for risk-off than bonus for risk-on) reflects that risk-off movements are typically sharper and more informative than risk-on phases.
Baur and Lucey (2010) examined safe-haven properties of gold and showed that gold indeed exhibits negative correlation with stocks during extreme market movements, confirming its role as crisis protection.
7. Component 5: Macroeconomic Analysis
7.1 The Yield Curve as Economic Indicator
The yield curve, represented as yields of government bonds of various maturities, contains aggregated expectations about future interest rates, inflation, and economic growth. The slope of the yield curve has remarkable predictive power for recessions. Estrella and Mishkin (1998) showed that an inverted yield curve (short-term rates higher than long-term) predicts recessions with high reliability. This is because inverted curves reflect restrictive monetary policy: the central bank raises short-term rates to combat inflation, dampening economic activity.
DEAM calculates two spread measures: the 2-year-minus-10-year spread and the 3-month-minus-10-year spread. A steep, positive curve (spreads above 1.5% and 2% respectively) signals healthy growth expectations and generates the maximum yield curve score of 40 points. A flat curve (spreads near zero) reduces the score to 20 points. An inverted curve (negative spreads) is particularly alarming and results in only 10 points.
The choice of two different spreads increases analysis robustness. The 2-10 spread is most established in academic literature, while the 3M-10Y spread is often considered more sensitive, as the 3-month rate directly reflects current monetary policy (Ang, Piazzesi, and Wei, 2006).
7.2 Credit Conditions and Spreads
Credit spreads—the yield difference between risky corporate bonds and safe government bonds—reflect risk perception in the credit market. Gilchrist and Zakrajšek (2012) constructed an "Excess Bond Premium" that measures the component of credit spreads not explained by fundamentals and showed this is a predictor of future economic activity and stock returns.
The model approximates credit spread by comparing the yield of high-yield bond ETFs (HYG) with investment-grade bond ETFs (LQD). A narrow spread below 200 basis points signals healthy credit conditions and risk appetite, contributing 30 points to the macro score. Very wide spreads above 1000 basis points (as during the 2008 financial crisis) signal credit crunch and generate zero points.
Additionally, the model evaluates whether "flight to quality" is occurring, identified through strong performance of Treasury bonds (TLT) with simultaneous weakness in high-yield bonds. This constellation indicates elevated risk aversion and reduces the credit conditions score.
7.3 Financial Stability at Corporate Level
While the yield curve and credit spreads reflect macroeconomic conditions, financial stability evaluates the health of companies themselves. The model uses the aggregated debt-to-equity ratio and return on equity of the S&P 500 as proxies for corporate health.
A low leverage level below 0.5 combined with high ROE above 15% signals robust corporate balance sheets and generates 20 points. This combination is particularly valuable as it represents both defensive strength (low debt means crisis resistance) and offensive strength (high ROE means earnings power). High leverage above 1.5 generates only 5 points, as it implies vulnerability to interest rate increases and recessions.
Korteweg (2010) showed in "The Net Benefits to Leverage" that optimal debt maximizes firm value, but excessive debt increases distress costs. At the aggregated market level, high debt indicates fragilities that can become problematic during stress phases.
8. Component 6: Crisis Detection
8.1 The Need for Systematic Crisis Detection
Financial crises are rare but extremely impactful events that suspend normal statistical relationships. During normal market volatility, diversified portfolios and traditional risk management approaches function, but during systemic crises, seemingly independent assets suddenly correlate strongly, and losses exceed historical expectations (Longin and Solnik, 2001). This justifies a separate crisis detection mechanism that operates independently of regular allocation components.
Reinhart and Rogoff (2009) documented in "This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly" recurring patterns in financial crises: extreme volatility, massive drawdowns, credit market dysfunction, and asset price collapse. DEAM operationalizes these patterns into quantifiable crisis indicators.
8.2 Multi-Signal Crisis Identification
The model uses a counter-based approach where various stress signals are identified and aggregated. This methodology is more robust than relying on a single indicator, as true crises typically occur simultaneously across multiple dimensions. A single signal may be a false alarm, but the simultaneous presence of multiple signals increases confidence.
The first indicator is a VIX above the crisis threshold (default 40), adding one point. A VIX above 60 (as in 2008 and March 2020) adds two additional points, as such extreme values are historically very rare. This tiered approach captures the intensity of volatility.
The second indicator is market drawdown. A drawdown above 15% adds one point, as corrections of this magnitude can be potential harbingers of larger crises. A drawdown above 25% adds another point, as historical bear markets typically encompass 25-40% drawdowns.
The third indicator is credit market spreads above 500 basis points, adding one point. Such wide spreads occur only during significant credit market disruptions, as in 2008 during the Lehman crisis.
The fourth indicator identifies simultaneous losses in stocks and bonds. Normally, Treasury bonds act as a hedge against equity risk (negative correlation), but when both fall simultaneously, this indicates systemic liquidity problems or inflation/stagflation fears. The model checks whether both SPY and TLT have fallen more than 10% and 5% respectively over 5 trading days, adding two points.
The fifth indicator is a volume spike combined with negative returns. Extreme trading volumes (above twice the 20-day average) with falling prices signal panic selling. This adds one point.
A crisis situation is diagnosed when at least 3 indicators trigger, a severe crisis at 5 or more indicators. These thresholds were calibrated through historical backtesting to identify true crises (2008, 2020) without generating excessive false alarms.
8.3 Crisis-Based Allocation Override
When a crisis is detected, the system overrides the normal allocation recommendation and caps equity allocation at maximum 25%. In a severe crisis, the cap is set at 10%. This drastic defensive posture follows the empirical observation that crises typically require time to develop and that early reduction can avoid substantial losses (Faber, 2007).
This override logic implements a "safety first" principle: in situations of existential danger to the portfolio, capital preservation becomes the top priority. Roy (1952) formalized this approach in "Safety First and the Holding of Assets," arguing that investors should primarily minimize ruin probability.
9. Integration and Final Allocation Calculation
9.1 Component Weighting
The final allocation recommendation emerges through weighted aggregation of the five components. The standard weighting is: Market Regime 35%, Risk Management 25%, Valuation 20%, Sentiment 15%, Macro 5%. These weights reflect both theoretical considerations and empirical backtesting results.
The highest weighting of market regime is based on evidence that trend-following and momentum strategies have delivered robust results across various asset classes and time periods (Moskowitz, Ooi, and Pedersen, 2012). Current market momentum is highly informative for the near future, although it provides no information about long-term expectations.
The substantial weighting of risk management (25%) follows from the central importance of risk control. Wealth preservation is the foundation of long-term wealth creation, and systematic risk management is demonstrably value-creating (Moreira and Muir, 2017).
The valuation component receives 20% weight, based on the long-term mean reversion of valuation metrics. While valuation has limited short-term predictive power (bull and bear markets can begin at any valuation), the long-term relationship between valuation and returns is robustly documented (Campbell and Shiller, 1988).
Sentiment (15%) and Macro (5%) receive lower weights, as these factors are subtler and harder to measure. Sentiment is valuable as a contrarian indicator at extremes but less informative in normal ranges. Macro variables such as the yield curve have strong predictive power for recessions, but the transmission from recessions to stock market performance is complex and temporally variable.
9.2 Model Type Adjustments
DEAM allows users to choose between four model types: Conservative, Balanced, Aggressive, and Adaptive. This choice modifies the final allocation through additive adjustments.
Conservative mode subtracts 10 percentage points from allocation, resulting in consistently more cautious positioning. This is suitable for risk-averse investors or those with limited investment horizons. Aggressive mode adds 10 percentage points, suitable for risk-tolerant investors with long horizons.
Adaptive mode implements procyclical adjustment based on short-term momentum: if the market has risen more than 5% in the last 20 days, 5 percentage points are added; if it has declined more than 5%, 5 points are subtracted. This logic follows the observation that short-term momentum persists (Jegadeesh and Titman, 1993), but the moderate size of adjustment avoids excessive timing bets.
Balanced mode makes no adjustment and uses raw model output. This neutral setting is suitable for investors who wish to trust model recommendations unchanged.
9.3 Smoothing and Stability
The allocation resulting from aggregation undergoes final smoothing through a simple moving average over 3 periods. This smoothing is crucial for model practicality, as it reduces frequent trading and thus transaction costs. Without smoothing, the model could fluctuate between adjacent allocations with every small input change.
The choice of 3 periods as smoothing window is a compromise between responsiveness and stability. Longer smoothing would excessively delay signals and impede response to true regime changes. Shorter or no smoothing would allow too much noise. Empirical tests showed that 3-period smoothing offers an optimal ratio between these goals.
10. Visualization and Interpretation
10.1 Main Output: Equity Allocation
DEAM's primary output is a time series from 0 to 100 representing the recommended percentage allocation to equities. This representation is intuitive: 100% means full investment in stocks (specifically: an S&P 500 ETF), 0% means complete cash position, and intermediate values correspond to mixed portfolios. A value of 60% means, for example: invest 60% of wealth in SPY, hold 40% in money market instruments or cash.
The time series is color-coded to enable quick visual interpretation. Green shades represent high allocations (above 80%, bullish), red shades low allocations (below 20%, bearish), and neutral colors middle allocations. The chart background is dynamically colored based on the signal, enhancing readability in different market phases.
10.2 Dashboard Metrics
A tabular dashboard presents key metrics compactly. This includes current allocation, cash allocation (complement), an aggregated signal (BULLISH/NEUTRAL/BEARISH), current market regime, VIX level, market drawdown, and crisis status.
Additionally, fundamental metrics are displayed: P/E Ratio, Equity Risk Premium, Return on Equity, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, and Total Shareholder Yield. This transparency allows users to understand model decisions and form their own assessments.
Component scores (Regime, Risk, Valuation, Sentiment, Macro) are also displayed, each normalized on a 0-100 scale. This shows which factors primarily drive the current recommendation. If, for example, the Risk score is very low (20) while other scores are moderate (50-60), this indicates that risk management considerations are pulling allocation down.
10.3 Component Breakdown (Optional)
Advanced users can display individual components as separate lines in the chart. This enables analysis of component dynamics: do all components move synchronously, or are there divergences? Divergences can be particularly informative. If, for example, the market regime is bullish (high score) but the valuation component is very negative, this signals an overbought market not fundamentally supported—a classic "bubble warning."
This feature is disabled by default to keep the chart clean but can be activated for deeper analysis.
10.4 Confidence Bands
The model optionally displays uncertainty bands around the main allocation line. These are calculated as ±1 standard deviation of allocation over a rolling 20-period window. Wide bands indicate high volatility of model recommendations, suggesting uncertain market conditions. Narrow bands indicate stable recommendations.
This visualization implements a concept of epistemic uncertainty—uncertainty about the model estimate itself, not just market volatility. In phases where various indicators send conflicting signals, the allocation recommendation becomes more volatile, manifesting in wider bands. Users can understand this as a warning to act more cautiously or consult alternative information sources.
11. Alert System
11.1 Allocation Alerts
DEAM implements an alert system that notifies users of significant events. Allocation alerts trigger when smoothed allocation crosses certain thresholds. An alert is generated when allocation reaches 80% (from below), signaling strong bullish conditions. Another alert triggers when allocation falls to 20%, indicating defensive positioning.
These thresholds are not arbitrary but correspond with boundaries between model regimes. An allocation of 80% roughly corresponds to a clear bull market regime, while 20% corresponds to a bear market regime. Alerts at these points are therefore informative about fundamental regime shifts.
11.2 Crisis Alerts
Separate alerts trigger upon detection of crisis and severe crisis. These alerts have highest priority as they signal large risks. A crisis alert should prompt investors to review their portfolio and potentially take defensive measures beyond the automatic model recommendation (e.g., hedging through put options, rebalancing to more defensive sectors).
11.3 Regime Change Alerts
An alert triggers upon change of market regime (e.g., from Neutral to Correction, or from Bull Market to Strong Bull). Regime changes are highly informative events that typically entail substantial allocation changes. These alerts enable investors to proactively respond to changes in market dynamics.
11.4 Risk Breach Alerts
A specialized alert triggers when actual portfolio risk utilization exceeds target parameters by 20%. This is a warning signal that the risk management system is reaching its limits, possibly because market volatility is rising faster than allocation can be reduced. In such situations, investors should consider manual interventions.
12. Practical Application and Limitations
12.1 Portfolio Implementation
DEAM generates a recommendation for allocation between equities (S&P 500) and cash. Implementation by an investor can take various forms. The most direct method is using an S&P 500 ETF (e.g., SPY, VOO) for equity allocation and a money market fund or savings account for cash allocation.
A rebalancing strategy is required to synchronize actual allocation with model recommendation. Two approaches are possible: (1) rule-based rebalancing at every 10% deviation between actual and target, or (2) time-based monthly rebalancing. Both have trade-offs between responsiveness and transaction costs. Empirical evidence (Jaconetti, Kinniry, and Zilbering, 2010) suggests rebalancing frequency has moderate impact on performance, and investors should optimize based on their transaction costs.
12.2 Adaptation to Individual Preferences
The model offers numerous adjustment parameters. Component weights can be modified if investors place more or less belief in certain factors. A fundamentally-oriented investor might increase valuation weight, while a technical trader might increase regime weight.
Risk target parameters (target volatility, max drawdown) should be adapted to individual risk tolerance. Younger investors with long investment horizons can choose higher target volatility (15-18%), while retirees may prefer lower volatility (8-10%). This adjustment systematically shifts average equity allocation.
Crisis thresholds can be adjusted based on preference for sensitivity versus specificity of crisis detection. Lower thresholds (e.g., VIX > 35 instead of 40) increase sensitivity (more crises are detected) but reduce specificity (more false alarms). Higher thresholds have the reverse effect.
12.3 Limitations and Disclaimers
DEAM is based on historical relationships between indicators and market performance. There is no guarantee these relationships will persist in the future. Structural changes in markets (e.g., through regulation, technology, or central bank policy) can break established patterns. This is the fundamental problem of induction in financial science (Taleb, 2007).
The model is optimized for US equities (S&P 500). Application to other markets (international stocks, bonds, commodities) would require recalibration. The indicators and thresholds are specific to the statistical properties of the US equity market.
The model cannot eliminate losses. Even with perfect crisis prediction, an investor following the model would lose money in bear markets—just less than a buy-and-hold investor. The goal is risk-adjusted performance improvement, not risk elimination.
Transaction costs are not modeled. In practice, spreads, commissions, and taxes reduce net returns. Frequent trading can cause substantial costs. Model smoothing helps minimize this, but users should consider their specific cost situation.
The model reacts to information; it does not anticipate it. During sudden shocks (e.g., 9/11, COVID-19 lockdowns), the model can only react after price movements, not before. This limitation is inherent to all reactive systems.
12.4 Relationship to Other Strategies
DEAM is a tactical asset allocation approach and should be viewed as a complement, not replacement, for strategic asset allocation. Brinson, Hood, and Beebower (1986) showed in their influential study "Determinants of Portfolio Performance" that strategic asset allocation (long-term policy allocation) explains the majority of portfolio performance, but this leaves room for tactical adjustments based on market timing.
The model can be combined with value and momentum strategies at the individual stock level. While DEAM controls overall market exposure, within-equity decisions can be optimized through stock-picking models. This separation between strategic (market exposure) and tactical (stock selection) levels follows classical portfolio theory.
The model does not replace diversification across asset classes. A complete portfolio should also include bonds, international stocks, real estate, and alternative investments. DEAM addresses only the US equity allocation decision within a broader portfolio.
13. Scientific Foundation and Evaluation
13.1 Theoretical Consistency
DEAM's components are based on established financial theory and empirical evidence. The market regime component follows from regime-switching models (Hamilton, 1989) and trend-following literature. The risk management component implements volatility targeting (Moreira and Muir, 2017) and modern portfolio theory (Markowitz, 1952). The valuation component is based on discounted cash flow theory and empirical value research (Campbell and Shiller, 1988; Fama and French, 1992). The sentiment component integrates behavioral finance (Baker and Wurgler, 2006). The macro component uses established business cycle indicators (Estrella and Mishkin, 1998).
This theoretical grounding distinguishes DEAM from purely data-mining-based approaches that identify patterns without causal theory. Theory-guided models have greater probability of functioning out-of-sample, as they are based on fundamental mechanisms, not random correlations (Lo and MacKinlay, 1990).
13.2 Empirical Validation
While this document does not present detailed backtest analysis, it should be noted that rigorous validation of a tactical asset allocation model should include several elements:
In-sample testing establishes whether the model functions at all in the data on which it was calibrated. Out-of-sample testing is crucial: the model should be tested in time periods not used for development. Walk-forward analysis, where the model is successively trained on rolling windows and tested in the next window, approximates real implementation.
Performance metrics should be risk-adjusted. Pure return consideration is misleading, as higher returns often only compensate for higher risk. Sharpe Ratio, Sortino Ratio, Calmar Ratio, and Maximum Drawdown are relevant metrics. Comparison with benchmarks (Buy-and-Hold S&P 500, 60/40 Stock/Bond portfolio) contextualizes performance.
Robustness checks test sensitivity to parameter variation. If the model only functions at specific parameter settings, this indicates overfitting. Robust models show consistent performance over a range of plausible parameters.
13.3 Comparison with Existing Literature
DEAM fits into the broader literature on tactical asset allocation. Faber (2007) presented a simple momentum-based timing system that goes long when the market is above its 10-month average, otherwise cash. This simple system avoided large drawdowns in bear markets. DEAM can be understood as a sophistication of this approach that integrates multiple information sources.
Ilmanen (2011) discusses various timing factors in "Expected Returns" and argues for multi-factor approaches. DEAM operationalizes this philosophy. Asness, Moskowitz, and Pedersen (2013) showed that value and momentum effects work across asset classes, justifying cross-asset application of regime and valuation signals.
Ang (2014) emphasizes in "Asset Management: A Systematic Approach to Factor Investing" the importance of systematic, rule-based approaches over discretionary decisions. DEAM is fully systematic and eliminates emotional biases that plague individual investors (overconfidence, hindsight bias, loss aversion).
References
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Regular Trading Hours Opening Range Gap (RTH ORG)### Regular Trading Hours (RTH) Gap Indicator with Quartile Levels
**Overview**
Discover overnight gaps in index futures like ES, YM, and NQ, or stocks like SPY, with this enhanced Pine Script v6 indicator. It visualizes the critical gap between the previous RTH close (4:15 PM ET for futures, 4:00 PM for SPY) and the next RTH open (9:30 AM ET), helping traders spot potential price sensitivity formed during after-hours trading.
**Key Features**
- **Standard Gap Boxes**: Semi-transparent boxes highlight the gap range, with optional text labels showing day-of-week and "RTH" identifier.
- **Midpoint Line**: A customizable dashed line at the 50% level, with price labels for quick reference.
- **New: Quartile Lines (25% & 75%)**: Dotted lines (default width 1) mark the quarter and three-quarter points within the gap, ideal for finer intraday analysis. Toggle on/off, adjust style/color/width, and add labels.
- **High-Low Gap Variant**: Optional boxes and midlines for gaps between the prior close's high/low and the open's high/low—perfect for wick-based overlaps on lower timeframes (5-min or below recommended).
- **RTH Close Lines**: Extend previous close levels with dotted lines and price tags.
- **Customization Galore**: Extend elements right, limit historical displays (default: 3 gaps), no-plot sessions (e.g., avoid weekends), and time offsets for non-US indices.
**How to Use**
Apply to 15-min or lower charts for best results. Toggle "extend right" for ongoing levels. SPY auto-adjusts for its 4 PM close.
Tested on major indices—enhance your gap trading strategy today! Questions? Drop a comment.
Thanks to twingall for supplying the original code.
Thanks to The Inner Circle Trader (ICT) for the logical and systematic application.
Brownian Motion Probabilistic Forecasting (Time Adaptive)Probabilistic Price Forecast Indicator
Overview
The Probabilistic Price Forecast is an advanced technical analysis tool designed for the TradingView platform. Instead of predicting a single future price, this indicator uses a Monte Carlo simulation to model thousands of potential future price paths, generating a cone of possibilities and calculating the probability of specific outcomes.
This allows traders to move beyond simple price targets and ask more sophisticated questions, such as: "What is the probability that this stock will increase by 5% over the next 24 hours?"
Core Concept: Geometric Brownian Motion
The indicator's forecasting model is built on the principles of Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) , a widely accepted mathematical model for describing the random movements of financial asset prices. The core idea is that the next price step is a function of the asset's historical trend (drift), its volatility, and a random "shock."
The formula used to project each price step in the simulation is:
next_price = current_price * exp( (μ - (σ²/2))Δt + σZ√(Δt) )
Where:
μ (mu) represents the drift , which is the average historical return.
σ (sigma) represents the volatility , measured by the standard deviation of historical returns.
Z is a random variable from a standard normal distribution, representing the random "shock" or new information affecting the price.
Δt (delta t) is the time step for each projection.
How It Works
The indicator performs a comprehensive analysis on the most recent bar of the chart:
**Historical Analysis**: It first analyzes a user-defined historical period (e.g., the last 240 hours of price data) to calculate the asset's historical drift (μ) and volatility (σ) from its logarithmic returns.
**Monte Carlo Simulation**: It then runs thousands of simulations (e.g., 2000) of future price paths over a specified forecast period (e.g., the next 24 hours). Each path is unique due to the random shock (Z) applied at every step.
**Probability Distribution**: After all simulations are complete, it collects the final price of each path and sorts them to build a probability distribution of potential outcomes.
**Visualization and Signaling**: Finally, it visualizes this distribution on the chart and generates signals based on the user's criteria.
Key Features & Configuration
The indicator is highly configurable, allowing you to tailor its analysis to your specific needs.
Time-Adaptive Periods
The lookback and forecast periods are defined in hours , not bars. The script automatically converts these hour-based inputs into the correct number of bars based on the chart's current timeframe, ensuring the analysis remains consistent across different chart resolutions.
Forecast Quartiles
You can visualize the forecast as a "cone of probability" on the chart. The indicator draws lines and a shaded area representing the price levels for different quartiles (percentiles) of the simulation results. By default, this shows the range between the 25th and 95th percentiles.
Independent Bullish and Bearish Signals
The indicator allows you to set independent criteria for bullish and bearish signals, providing greater flexibility. You can configure:
A bullish signal for an X% confidence of a Y% price increase.
A bearish signal for a W% confidence of a Z% price decrease.
For example, you can set it to alert you for a 90% chance of a 2% drop, while simultaneously looking for a 60% chance of a 10% rally.
How to Interpret the Indicator
The Forecast Cone : The blue shaded area on the chart represents the probable range of future prices. The width of the cone indicates the expected volatility; a wider cone means higher uncertainty. The price labels on the right side of the cone show the calculated percentile levels at the end of the forecast period.
Green Signal Label : A green "UP signal" label appears when the probability of the price increasing by your target percentage exceeds your defined confidence level.
Red Signal Label : A red "DOWN signal" label appears when the probability of the price decreasing by your target percentage exceeds your confidence level.
This tool provides a statistical edge for understanding future possibilities but should be used in conjunction with other analysis techniques.
ES/NQ Price Action Sync See when ES & NQ move in syncSee when ES & NQ move in sync — revealing real market momentum at a glance.”
⚖️ ES/NQ Price Action Sync
Discover when the market moves as one.
This indicator tracks when S&P 500 Futures (ES1!) and Nasdaq Futures (NQ1!) align in momentum — helping you spot broad-market confirmation or early divergence in real time.
🧠 Concept
The ES/NQ relationship often reveals the market’s underlying strength or hesitation. When both indices turn bullish or bearish together with meaningful movement, that’s a sign of true market alignment.
When they disagree — expect mixed momentum and possible reversals.
⚙️ Features
✅ Highlights new bullish and bearish syncs on chart
✅ Dynamic info table showing % change and direction for each index
✅ Optional triangle markers for clean visual cues
✅ Alert conditions for new sync events
✅ Adjustable lookback and minimum-move filters
💡 How to Use
Use this as a market-context tool, not a direct buy/sell signal.
When both indices sync, intraday trends often hold better; when they diverge, momentum may fade.
Combine it with your own system or higher-time-frame analysis for confirmation.
📊 Why Traders Love It
Simple idea — powerful insight.
This tool helps traders instantly see when “the market machine” is running in harmony… or pulling in opposite directions.
⚠️ Disclaimer:
This script is for educational and analytical purposes only.
It does not provide financial advice or trading signals. Always perform your own research before making trading decisions.
DAMMU Buy vs Sell Liquidity + DifferenceIndicator Name:
Buy vs Sell Liquidity + Difference
Purpose:
This indicator helps traders analyze market liquidity by comparing the cumulative buy and sell volumes within a specified timeframe. It shows which side (buyers or sellers) is dominating and the magnitude of the imbalance.
Key Features:
Aggregation Timeframe:
Users can select the timeframe (1, 2, 3, 5, 15, 30 minutes) for which volume is analyzed.
Buy & Sell Volume Calculation:
Buy Volume: Total volume of candles where close > open.
Sell Volume: Total volume of candles where close < open.
Daily Reset:
Totals reset at the start of each new day, ensuring intra-day liquidity analysis.
Difference Calculation:
Shows the absolute difference between buy and sell volumes.
Also calculates the difference as a percentage of total volume.
Percentages:
Displays buy %, sell %, and diff % to 4 decimal places, giving precise insights.
Table Display:
A two-row table in the top-right corner of the chart:
Row 1: Absolute totals for BUY, SELL, and DIFF (full numbers with commas).
Row 2: Percentages for BUY, SELL, and DIFF (4 decimals).
Uses color coding: Green for BUY, Red for SELL, Dynamic for DIFF (based on dominance).
How to Use:
High Buy Volume: Indicates strong buying pressure; bullish sentiment.
High Sell Volume: Indicates strong selling pressure; bearish sentiment.
Large DIFF %: Signals dominant market side; useful for short-term scalping or spotting liquidity imbalance.
Comparing BUY vs SELL %: Helps identify when the market may reverse or continue the trend.
If you want, I can also make a 1-paragraph “trader-friendly” explanation that you could directly include in your Pine Script as a comment or in a strategy guide.
TTM Squeeze Range Lines (with Forward Extension) By Gautam KumarThis TTM Squeeze Range Lines script helps visualize breakout levels by marking the recent squeeze’s high and low, making it easier to identify potential trade setups. Each signal line is extended for visibility, showing possible entry levels after a squeeze.
Interpreting the LinesLight blue background marks periods when the TTM squeeze is active (tight volatility).
Green line is drawn at the highest price during the squeeze, extended forward—this is commonly used as the breakout level for long entries.
Red line shows the lowest price during the squeeze, indicating the bottom of the range—potential stop loss positioning or an invalidation level.
When the squeeze background disappears, the horizontal lines will have just appeared and extended forward for several bars after the squeeze ends.
If the price breaks above the green line (the squeeze high), it signals a possible momentum breakout, which traders often use as a long entry.
The red line can be used for placing stop losses or monitoring failed breakouts if price falls below this level.
Best Practices
Combine these levels with volume and momentum confirmation for strong entries.
Adjust the extension length (number of bars forward) from the settings menu to fit your preference.
For systematic trading, use these breakout signals alongside chart pattern or histogram confirmation.
This makes it easy to visualize strong entry zones based on the end of squeeze compression, supporting both discretionary and automated swing trading approaches
3/4-Bar GRG / RGR Pattern (Conditional 4th Candle)This indicator can be used to identify the Green-Red-Green or Red-Green-Red pattern.
It is a price action indicator where a price action which identifies the defeat of buyers and sellers.
If the buyers comprehensively defeat the sellers then the price moves up and if the sellers defeat the buyers then the price moves down.
In my trading experience this is what defines the price movement.
It is a 3 or 4 candle pattern, beyond that i.e, 5 or more candles could mean a very sideways market and unnecessary signal generation.
How does it work?
Upside/Green signal
Say candle 1 is Green, which means buyers stepped in, then candle 2 is Red or a Doji, that means sellers brought the price down. Then if candle 3 is forming to be Green and breaks the closing of the 1st candle and opening of the 2nd candle, then a green arrow will appear and that is the place where you want to take your trade.
Here the buyers defeated the sellers.
Sometimes candle 3 falls short but candle 4 breaks candle 1's closing and candle 2's opening price. We can enter on candle 4.
Important - We need to enter the trade as soon as the price moves above the candle 1 and 2's body and should not wait for the 3rd or 4th candle to close. Ignore wicks.
I have restricted it to 4 candles and that is all that is needed. More than that is a longer sideways market.
I call it the +-+ or GRG pattern.
Stop loss can be candle 2's mid for safe traders (that includes me) or candle 2's body low for risky traders.
Back testing suggests that body low will be useless and result in more points in loss because for the bigger move this point will not be touched, so why not get out faster.
Downside/Red signal
Say candle 1 is Red, which means sellers stepped in, then candle 2 is Green or a Doji, that means buyers took the price up. Then if candle 3 is forming to be Red and breaks the closing of the 1st candle and opening of the 2nd candle then a Red arrow will appear and that is the place where you want to take your trade.
Sometimes candle 3 falls short but candle 4 breaks candle 1's closing and candle 2's opening price. We can enter on candle 4.
We need to enter the trade as soon as the price moves below the candle 1 and 2's body and should not wait for the 3rd or 4th candle to close.
I have restricted it to 4 candles and that is all that is needed. More than that is a longer sideways market.
I call it the -+- or RGR pattern.
Stop loss can be candle 2's mid for safe traders ( that includes me) or candle 2's body high for risky traders.
Back testing suggests that body high will be useless and result in more points in loss because for the bigger move this point will not be touched, so why not get out faster.
Important Settings
You can enable or disable the 4th candle signal to avoid the noise, but at times I have noticed that the 4th candle gives a very strong signal or I can say that the strong signal falls on the 4th candle. This is mostly a coincidence.
You can also configure how many previous bars should the signal be generated for. 10 to 30 is good enough. To backtest increase it to 2000 or 5000 for example.
Rest are self explanatory.
Pointers
If after taking the trade, the next candle moves in your direction and closes strong bullish or bearish, then move SL to break even and after that you can trail it.
If a upside trade hits SL and immediately a down side trade signal is generated on the next candle then take it. Vice versa is true.
Trades need to be taken on previous 2 candle's body high or low combined and not the wicks.
The most losses a trader takes is on a sideways day and because in our strategy the stop loss is so small that even on a sideways day we'll get out with a little profit or worst break even.
Hold targets for longer targets and don't panic.
If last 3-4 days have been sideways then there is a good probability that day will be trending so we can hold our trade for longer targets. Target to hold the trade for whole day and not exit till the day closes.
In general avoid trading in the middle of the day for index and stocks. Divide the day into 3 parts and avoid the middle.
Use Support/Resistance, 10, 20, 50, 200 EMA/SMA, Gaps, Whole/Round numbers(very imp) for identifying targets.
Trail your SL.
For indexes I would use 5 min and 15 min timeframe.
For commodities and crypto we can use higher timeframe as well. Look for signals during volatile time durations and avoid trading the whole day. Signal usually gives good targets on those times.
If a GRG or RGR pattern appears on a daily timeframe then this is our time to go big.
Minimum Risk to Reward should be 1:2 and for longer targets can be 1:4 to 1:10.
Trade with small lot size. Money management will happen automatically.
With small lot size and correct Risk-Re ward we can be very profitable. Don't trade with big lot size.
Stay in the market for longer and collect points not money.
Very imp - Watch market and learn to generate a market view.
Very imp - Only 4 candles are needed in trading - strong bullish, strong bearish, hammer, inverse hammer and doji.
Go big on bearish days for option traders. Puts are better bought and Calls are better sold.
Cluster of green signals can lead to bigger move on the upside and vice versa for red signals.
Most of this is what I learned from successful traders (from the top 2%) only the indicator is mine.
BIF ASK WITH TREND Price Trend with PercentageBID ASK WITH TREND Price Trend with Percentage SHOW MARKET TREND AND MARKET VOLLUME
Jarass regression linesDouble Linear Regression Ultimate + MA Ribbon (DLRC + MA)
The DLRC + MA indicator is an advanced technical analysis tool that combines double linear regression channels with a moving average ribbon (MA Ribbon). Designed for traders who want to simultaneously track trend, volatility, and potential support/resistance levels.
Key Features:
1. Double Linear Regression Channels:
• Inner Channel – shorter period, more sensitive to recent price movements.
• Outer Channel – longer period, reflects the long-term trend.
• Both channels display upper and lower boundaries and a midline.
• Optional logarithmic scale for price adjustment.
• Real-time R² values to assess regression accuracy.
2. MA Ribbon:
• Up to 4 different moving averages simultaneously.
• Supports SMA, EMA, SMMA (RMA), WMA, VWMA.
• Each MA can be individually enabled/disabled, with customizable period, source, and color.
• Helps identify trend direction and dynamic support/resistance levels.
3. Visualization:
• Channels are filled with semi-transparent colors for clarity.
• Midline for quick trend direction assessment.
• Label displays R² values of the channels in real time.
4. Suitable For:
• Short-term and long-term traders seeking a combination of linear regression analysis and classic trend-following tools.
• Useful for identifying overbought/oversold zones and potential trend reversal points.
Summary:
DLRC + MA combines statistical precision of linear regression with intuitive trend visualization via a MA ribbon. It provides quick insight into market direction, volatility, and potential turning points, all in one chart overlay.
AutoDay MA (Session-Normalized)📊 AutoDay MA (Session-Normalized Moving Average)
⚡ Daily power, intraday precision.
AutoDay MA automatically converts any N-day moving average into the exact equivalent on your current intraday timeframe.
💡 Concept inspired by Brian Shannon (Alphatrends) – mapping daily MAs onto intraday charts by normalizing session minutes.
🛠 How it works
Set Days (N) (e.g., 5, 10, 20).
Define Session Minutes per Day (⏱ 390 = US RTH, 🌍 1440 = 24h).
The indicator detects your chart’s timeframe and computes:
Length = (Days × SessionMinutes) / BarMinutes
Applies your chosen MA type (📐 SMA / EMA / RMA / WMA) with rounding (nearest, up, down).
Displays all details in a clear corner info panel.
✅ Why use it
Consistency 🔄: Same 5-day smoothing across all intraday charts.
Session-aware 🕒: Works for equities, futures, FX, crypto.
Transparency 🔍: Always shows the math & final MA length.
Alerts built-in 🔔: Cross up/down vs. price.
📈 Examples
5-Day on 1m → 1950-period MA
5-Day on 15m → 130-period MA
5-Day on 65m → 30-period MA
10-Day on 24h/15m (crypto) → 960-period MA
Rudra ChakraA readymade template. Helps you to identify trend, momentum at a glance.
Blue dots for +momentum and red for -momentum.
Also the background Green, orange and red indicate the shift in trend. Buy signals indicate more than avg buying in some timeframe.
