Array to SMA/EMAThis script is to help people with converting arrays to Simple Moving Average and Exponential Moving Average arrays. It is the same as using ta.sma() or ta.ema() in v5 with series but it takes an array as input instead. Both functions have inbuilt bad-input checking logic to ensure that the period length is not too high or too low - which could give unwanted results. If such values are used, the functions will output an array of the same length with NaN values. The EMA function also has an optional argument called sma_seed , which determines whether the first value in the output array will be the SMA of the first value from the input array (true) or the first value itself (false). Both functions work independently of one another, all you have to do is copy the entire function into your code and off you go! I can add more functions such as RMA or VWMA if there is demand, let me know and leave a like! ~ if you want.
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Order BlocksThis is experimental Indicator is to help identifying Order Blocks.
It uses not confirmed higher order pivots as Higher Highs (HH) and Lower Lows (LL), finds high/lows that created most recent LL/HH and in case if this high/low are broken it notes candle that broke structure, market structure broke line (MSB) and demand box (candle that created liquidity for the move that broke structure).
Concepts and parts of code used in this study:
1) @rumpypumpydumpy - Higher Order Pivots
2) @MarkMiddleton2020 - Order Blocks
Nadaraya-Watson Envelope [LuxAlgo]This indicator builds upon the previously posted Nadaraya-Watson smoothers. Here we have created an envelope indicator based on Kernel Smoothing with integrated alerts from crosses between the price and envelope extremities. Unlike the Nadaraya-Watson estimator, this indicator follows a contrarian methodology.
Please note that by default this indicator can be subject to repainting. Users can use a non-repainting smoothing method available from the settings. The triangle labels are designed so that the indicator remains useful in real-time applications.
🔶 USAGE
🔹 Non Repainting
This tool can outline extremes made by the prices. This is achieved by estimating the underlying trend in the price, then calculating the mean absolute deviations from it, the obtained result is added/subtracted to the estimated underlying trend.
The non-repainting method estimates the underlying trend in price using an "endpoint Nadaraya-Watson estimator", and would return similar results to more classical band indicators.
🔹 Repainting
The repainting method makes use of the Nadaraya-Watson estimator to estimate the underlying trend in the price. The construction of the band extremities is the same as in the non-repainting method.
We can expect the price to reverse when crossing one of the envelope extremities. Crosses between the price and the envelopes extremities are indicated with triangles on the chart.
For real-time applications, triangles are always displayed when a cross occurs and remain displayed at the location it first appeared even if the cross is no longer visible after a recalculation of the envelope.
By popular demand, we have integrated alerts for this indicator from the crosses between the price and the envelope extremities. However, we do not recommend this precise method to be used alone or for solely real-time applications. We do not have data supporting the performance of this tool over more classical bands/envelope/channels indicators.
🔶 SETTINGS
Bandwidth: Controls the degree of smoothness of the envelopes, with higher values returning smoother results.
Mult: Controls the envelope width.
Source: Input source of the indicator.
Repainting Smoothing: Determine if a repainting or non-repainting method should be used for the calculation of the indicator.
🔶 RELATED SCRIPTS
For more information on the Nadaraya-Watson estimator see:
PSAR + EMA/TEMA/RSI/OBVThe Parabolic Stop-and-Reservse (PSAR) is a trend indicator, intended to capture reversal signals and show entry and exit points. The PSAR is bullish when the PSAR is below the candle body (usually indicated by a dot) and bearish when the PSAR is above the candle body. The PSAR generally only moves in the direction of the trend, making it useful for markets with an upward or downward trend, as well as swing markets. It is weaker when the market it sideways, as it can be prone to frequent flips (bull-to-bear or vice versa) in markets where a predominant trend is not present.
In order to combat the tendency for rapid swings in the PSAR, it is commonly paired with a second indicator. Often, this is a moving average (MA) to confirm the PSAR signal. Here is a common example:
PSAR + 2 EMAs: A trade would consider entering long when the PSAR is bullish and the fast EMA is above the short EMA.
PSAR + 3 EMAs: As above, but the trader could also add a very long EMA (200, for example) and use that as an additional filter.
In addition to using EMA, other MAs can be used and may be more appropriate to certain instruments and timeframes. Using TEMA, for example, may result in less lag but introduce more noise. Likewise, the Ehler's MAMA is an option.
Some traders use other indicators as PSAR confirmation signals, such as the relative strength index (RSI) on on-balance volume (OBV). The strategy is similar:
bullish PSAR + RSI oversold = consider long entry
bullish PSAR + OBV oscillator > 0 = consider long entry
The strategy presented here is based on my PSAR + EMA + TEMA study. Any of the above strategies are supported by this script:
1. The PSAR is the primary signal.
2. Confirmation is provided by any of the following: EMA , TEMA , Ehler's MAMA , RSI , or OBV.
3. You may use a third EMA (set to 200 as the default) to filter entries -- if used, the strategy will only show signals if the price is above the third (additional) EMA .
For example, a normal long signal would be a bullish PSAR + fast EMA > slow EMA + price > ema 200.
In addition, you may use a SL, which is set to the PSAR dots shown. You may also limit the backtesting dates. (Please note in the chart above, I do not have a limit on the trading dates. I believe this exaggerates the success of the strategy, but the house rules demand I not limit the timeframe to show you a more accurate picture.)
MT INDY S/R Hi guys i am glad to introduce this script to you guys you can use this for your day trading stratagey as supply and demand zones to make full use of it please combine this one with price action so that you guys have some more accuracy
HOW TO USE THIS ONE ?....
Well you can you this as major support and resistance for day trading the red coloured zone is called resistance zone or supply zones and the green coloured zone is called supply zones once the price attain that level we may expect a reversal and if it breakout the trend may continue
Volume Indicators PackageCONTAINS 3 OF MY BEST VOLUME INDICATORS ALL FOR THE PRICE OF ONE!
CONTAINS:
Average Dollar Volume in RED
Up/Down Volume Ratio in Green
Volume Buzz/Volume Run Rate in BLUE
If you would like to get these individually, I also have scripts for that too.
Below is information about all three of these indicators, what they do, and why they are important.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AVERAGE DOLLAR VOLUME----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dollar volume is simply the volume traded multiplied times the cost of the stock.
Dollar volume is an extremely important metric for finding stocks with enough liquidity for market makers to position themselves in. Market Liquidity is defined as market's feature whereby an individual or firm can quickly purchase or sell an asset without causing a drastic change in the asset's price. The key concept you want to understand is that these big instructions with billions of dollars need liquidity in a stock in order to even think about buying it, and therefore these institutions will demand a large dollar volume . A good dollar volume amount, that represents a pretty liquid name, is typically above 100 million $ average. Why are institutions important? Simple because they are the ones who make stocks move, and I mean really move. If you want to see large growth from a stock in a short amount of time, you need institutions wielding billions of dollars to be fighting one another to buy more shares. Institutions are the ones who make or break a stock, this is why we call them market makers.
My script calculates average dollar volume using four averages: the 50, the 30, the 20, and the 10 period. I use multiple averages in order to provide the accurate and up to date information to you. It then selects the minimum of these averages and divides this value by 1 million and displays this number to you.
TL;DR? If you want monster moves from your stocks, you need to pick names with average high liquidity(dollar volume >= $100 million). The number presented to you is in millions of whatever currency the name is traded in.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UP/DOWN VOLUME RATIO-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Up/Down Volume Ratio is calculated by summing volume on days when it closes up and divide that total by the volume on days when the stock closed down.
High volume up days are typically a sign of accumulation(buying) by big players, while down days are signs of distribution(selling) by big market players. The Up Down volume ratio takes this assumption and turns it into a tangible number that's easier for the trader to understand. My formula is calculated using the past 50 periods, be warned it will not display a value for stocks with under 50 periods of trading history. This indicator is great for identify accumulation of growth stocks early on in their moves, most of the time you would like a growth stocks U/D value to be above 2, showing institutional sponsorship of a stock.
Up/Down Volume value interpretation:
U/D < 1 -> Bearish outlook, as sellers are in control
U/D = 1 -> Sellers and Buyers are equal
U/D > 1 -> Bullish outlook, as buyers are in control
U/D > 2 -> Bullish outlook, significant accumulation underway by market makers
U/D >= 3 -> MONSTER STOCK ALERT, market makers can not get enough of this stock and are ravenous to buy more
U/D values greater than 2 are rare and typically do not last very long, and U/D >= 3 are extremely rare one example I kind find of a stock's U/D peaking above 3 was Google back in 2005.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VOLUME BUZZ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Volume Buzz/ Volume Run Rate as seen on TC2000 and MarketSmith respectively.
Basically, the volume buzz tells you what percentage over average(100 time period moving average) the volume traded was. You can use this indicator to more readily identify above-average trading volume and accumulation days on charts. The percentage will show up in the top left corner, make sure to click the settings button and uncheck the second box(left of plot) in order to get rid of the chart line.
Trend Type Indicator by BobRivera990Usage:
The purpose of this indicator is to programmatically determine the type of price trend using technical analysis tools.
You can do a quick check on the asset’s higher and lower time frames. For example, if you are trading on an H1 chart, you can check the m5 chart to ensure that the trend is in the same direction and similarly check the H4 chart to ensure that the higher time frame price is also moving in the same direction.
If multiple time frame charts confirm a similar trend, then it is considered a very strong trend and ideal for Trend trading.
Remarks:
By default, the last status is related to 8 periods before the latest closing price.
Related definitions:
The three basic types of trends are up, down, and sideways.
1. Uptrend
An uptrend describes the price movement of a financial asset when the overall direction is upward. The uptrend is composed of higher swing lows and higher swing highs.
Some market participants ("long" trend traders) only choose to trade during uptrends.
2. Downtrend
A downtrend refers to the price action of a security that moves lower in price as it fluctuates over time.
The downtrend is composed of lower swing lows and lower swing highs.
3. Sideways
A sideways trend is the horizontal price movement that occurs when the forces of supply and demand are nearly equal. This typically occurs during a period of consolidation before the price continues a prior trend or reverses into a new trend.
How it works:
Step 1: Sideways Trend Detection
In this step we want to distinguish the sideways trend from uptrend and downtrend. For this purpose, we use two common technical analysis tools: ATR and ADX
1. Average True Range (ATR)
The average true range (ATR) is a technical analysis indicator that measures market volatility.
We also use a 20-period moving average of the ATR.
When the ATR is below the average of its last 20-periods, it means that the rate of price volatility has decreased and we conclude that the current trend is sideways
2. Average Directional Index (ADX)
The average directional index (ADX) is a technical analysis indicator used by some traders to determine the strength of a trend.
The trend has strength when ADX is above 25.
So when the ADX is less than or equal to 25, there is no strong trend, and we conclude that the current type of trend is sideways.
Step 2: Detect uptrend from downtrend
If it turns out that the current price trend is not sideways, then it is either uptrend or downtrend.
For this purpose, we use plus and minus directional Indicators (+ DI & -DI).
A general interpretation would be that during a strong trend, when +DI is higher than -DI, it is an uptrend. When -DI is higher than +DI, it is a downtrend.
Parameters:
"Use ATR …" ________________________// Use Average True Range (ATR) to detect Sideways Movements
"ATR Length"_______________________ // length of the Average True Range (ATR) used to detect Sideways Movements
"ATR Moving Average Type" ___________// Type of the moving average of the ATR used to detect Sideways Movements
"ATR MA Length" ____________________// length of the moving average of the ATR used to detect Sideways Movements
"Use ADX ..."_______________________ // Use Average Directional Index (ADX) to detect Sideways Movements
"ADX Smoothing”____________________// length of the Average Directional Index (ADX) used to detect Sideways Movements
"DI Length"_________________________// length of the Plus and Minus Directional Indicators (+DI & -DI) used to determine the direction of the trend
"ADX Limit" ________________________// A level of ADX used as the boundary between Trend Market and Sideways Market
"Smoothing Factor"__________________// Factor used for smoothing the oscillator
"Lag"______________________________// lag used to match indicator and chart
Resources:
www.investopedia.com
25 Percent LevelsThis script materialises an observation from one of my mentors whereby if you take an all-time high and all-time low and mark off the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile levels you will see some levels of supply and demand being respected.
Ichimoku Kinkō HyōThe Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is an trading system developed by the late Goichi Hosoda (pen name "Ichimokusanjin") when he was the general manager of the business conditions department of Miyako Shinbun, the predecessor of the Tokyo Shimbun. Currently, it is a registered trademark of Economic Fluctuation Research Institute Co., Ltd., which is run by the bereaved family of Hosoda as a private research institute.
The Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is composed of time theory, price range theory (target price theory) and wave movement theory. Ichimoku means "At One Glace". The equilibrium table is famous for its span, but the first in the equilibrium table is the time relationship.
In the theory of time, the change date is the day after the number of periods classified into the basic numerical value such as 9, 17, 26, etc., the equal numerical value that takes the number of periods of the past wave motion, and the habit numerical value that appears for each issue is there. The market is based on the idea that the buying and selling equilibrium will move in the wrong direction. Another feature is that time is emphasized in order to estimate when changes will occur.
In the price range theory, there are E・V・N・NT calculated values and multiple values of 4 to 8E as target values. In addition, in order to determine the momentum and direction of the market, we will consider other price ranges and ying and yang numbers.
If the calculated value is realized on the change date calculated by each numerical value, the market price is likely to reverse.
転換線 (Tenkansen) (Conversion Line) = (highest price in the past 9 periods + lowest price) ÷ 2
基準線 (Kijunsen) (Base Line) = (highest price in the past 26 periods + lowest price) ÷ 2
It represents Support/Resistance for 16 bars. It is a 50% Fibonacci Retracement. The Kijun sen is knows as the "container" of the trend. It is prefect to use as an initial stop and/or trailing stop.
先行スパン1 (Senkou span 1) (Lagging Span 1) = {(conversion value + reference value) ÷ 2} 25 periods ahead (26 periods ahead including the current day, that is)
先行スパン2 (Senkou span 2) (Lagging Span 2) = {(highest price in the past 52 periods + lowest price) ÷ 2} 25 periods ahead (26 periods ahead including the current day, that is)
遅行スパン (Chikou span) (Lagging Span) = (current candle closing price) plotted 26 periods before (that is, including the current day) 25 periods ago
It is the only Ichimoku indicator that uses the closing price. It is used for momentum of the trend.
The area surrounded by the two lagging span lines is called a cloud. This is the foundation of the system. It determines the sentiment (Bull/Bear) for the insrument. If price is above the cloud, the instrument is bullish. If price is below the cloud, the instrument is bearish.
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The wave theory of the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo has the following waves.
All about the rising market. If it is the falling market, the opposite is true.
I wave rise one market price.
V wave the market price that raises and lowers.
N wave the market price for raising, lowering, and raising.
P wave the high price depreciates and the low price rises with the passage of time. Leave either.
Y wave the high price rises and the low price falls with the passage of time. Leave either.
S wave A market in which the lowered market rebounds and rises at the previous high level.
There are the above 6 types but the basis of the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo is the N wave of 3 waves.
In Elliott wave theory and similar theories, basically there are 5 waves but 5 waves are a series of 2 and 3 waves N, 3 for 7 waves, 4 for 9 waves and so on.
Even if it keep continuing, it will be based on N wave. In addition, since the P wave and the Y wave are separated from each other, they can be seen as N waves from a large perspective.
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There are basic E・V・N・NT calculated values and several other calculation methods for the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo. It is the only calculated value that gives a concrete value in the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo, which is difficult to understand, but since we focus only on the price difference and do not consider the supply and demand, it is forbidden to stick to the calculated value alone.
(The calculation method of the following five calculated values is based on the rising market price, which is raised from the low price A to the high price B and lowered from the high price B to the low price C. Therefore, the low price C is higher than the low price A)
E calculated value The amount of increase from the low price A to the high price B is added to the high price B. = B + (BA)
V calculated value Adds the amount of decline from the high price B to the low price C to the high price B. = B + (BC)
N calculated value The amount of increase from the low price A to the high price B is added to the low price C. = C + (BA)
NT calculated value Adds the amount of increase from the low price A to the low price C to the low price C. = C + (CA)
4E calculated value (four-layer double / quadruple value) Adds three times the amount of increase from the low price A to the high price B to the high price B. = B + 3 × (BA)
Calculated value of P wave The upper price is devalued and the lower price is rounded up, and the price range of both is the same.
Calculated value of Y wave The upper price is rounded up and the lower price is rounded down, and the price range of both is the same.
Average Dollar VolumeDollar volume is simply the volume traded multiplied times the cost of the stock.
Dollar volume is an extremely important metric for finding stocks with enough liquidity for market makers to position themselves in. Market Liquidity is defined as market's feature whereby an individual or firm can quickly purchase or sell an asset without causing a drastic change in the asset's price. The key concept you want to understand is that these big instructions with billions of dollars need liquidity in a stock in order to even think about buying it, and therefore these institutions will demand a large dollar volume. A good dollar volume amount, that represents a pretty liquid name, is typically above 100 million $ average. Why are institutions important? Simple because they are the ones who make stocks move, and I mean really move. If you want to see large growth from a stock in a short amount of time, you need institutions wielding billions of dollars to be fighting one another to buy more shares. Institutions are the ones who make or break a stock, this is why we call them market makers.
My script calculates average dollar volume using four averages: the 50, the 30, the 20, and the 10 period. I use multiple averages in order to provide the accurate and up to date information to you. It then selects the minimum of these averages and divides this value by 1 million and displays this number to you.
TL;DR? If you want monster moves from your stocks, you need to pick names with average high liquidity(dollar volume >= $100 million). The number presented to you is in millions of whatever currency the name is traded in.
MS POIVThis indicator was introduced by Larry Williams in 2007 and is very similar to the well known OBV indicator.
As such, it should be examined for convergence and divergence with the price trend. The interpretation can be done using the Wyckoff principles.
* Price rises, POIV stays behind => no subsequent demand
* Price meets resistance, POIV reaches new highs => supply (distribution) in the background
* Price and POIV rise synchronously => price trend is intact
These statements can of course be applied correspondingly to falling prices.
Larry Williams wrote for explanation:
Despite the problem, volume indictors have proven their worth, but while it is
a good idea to watch the cumulative flow of buying and selling pressure, you
should not assign all of this buying and selling to bulls and bears. Combined
with other concepts, such as keying off the open, we can focus on something
more germane to trading based just on volume, or what some might consider
related volatility indicators, such as daily ranges.
Futures traders can consider at least one solution to this problem: open
interest. Open interest is the number of outstanding contracts in a particular
market. (...))
The formula is calculating the cumulative sum of open interest times the net
change in price, divided by the true range. We then add the OBV value to this
cumulative sum.
So we first take the net change in price (today’s close minus yesterday’s close)
to get a percentage of where within the range the close was. Not all of the
activity will be buying or selling; the market “tells” us what percentage of
open interest goes to the buy or sell side.
Not only that, it also means we are incorporating price and trend change into
the formula.
(...)
One note of warning is necessary. The Williams POIV AD is a specific formula
that compensates for the close within the range relationship, as well telling
us how much OI to use, but it is an indicator, not a trading system. In
practice, it is useful to confirm a trade or to focus attention on a potential
trade. It is not intended to stand as the sole reason to initiate a position
in the market.
Polarized Fractal EfficiencyPolarized Fractal Efficiency
Description:
Technically, Polarized Fractal Efficiency (PFE) is a measure of market choppiness. It is an indicator derived from fractal geometry, the mathematics that describes chaotic systems.
This technical indicator was developed by Hans Hannula to determine price efficiency over a user-defined period. This indicator fluctuates between -100 and +100, with 0 as the centerline. Securities with a PFE greater than zero are deemed to be trending up, while a reading of less than zero indicates the trend is down. Polarized Fractal Efficiency's signature characteristic is its use of fractal geometry in determining how efficiently a security's price is moving.
This script uses a customized version of PFE formula and generates a long entry signal when the Polarized Fractional Efficiency (PFE) value crosses over a signal line, and/or generates a short entry signal when the PFE value crosses under a signal line.
The Polarized Fractional Efficiency indicator can be used to determine price efficiency over a user-defined time period. Assets with a PFE greater than zero are deemed to be trending up, while a reading of less than zero indicates the trend is down. The strengh of the trend is measured by the position of the PFE relative to the zero line.
As a general rule, the further the PFE value is away from zero, the stronger and more efficient the given trend is. A PFE value that fluctuates around the zero line could indicate that the supply and demand for the security are in balance and price may trade sideways.
On Balance Volume FieldsThe On Balance Volume (OBV) indicator was developed by Joseph E. Granville and published first in his book "New key to stock market profits" in 1963. It uses volume to determine momentum of an asset. The base concept of OBV is - in simple terms - you take a running total of the volume and either add or subtract the current timeframe volume if the market goes up or down. The simplest use cases only use the line build that way to confirm direction of price, but the possibilities and applications of OBV go far beyond that and are (at least to my knowledge) not found in existing indicators available on this platform.
If you are interested to get a deeper understanding of OBV, I recommend the lecture of the above mentioned book by Granville. All the features described below are taken directly from the book or are inspired by it (deviations will be marked accordingly). If you have no prior experience with OBV, I recommend to start simple and read an easy introduction (e.g. On-Balance Volume (OBV) Definition from Investopedia) and start applying the basic concepts first before heading into the more advanced analysis of OBV fields and trends.
Markets and Timeframes
As the OBV is "just" a momentum indicator, it should be applicable to any market and timeframe.
As a long term investor, my experience is limited to the longer timeframes (primarily daily), which is also how Granville applies it. But that is most likely due to the time it was developed and the lack of lower timeframe data at that point in time. I don't see why it wouldn't be applicable to any timeframe, but cannot speak from experience here so do your own research and let me know. Likewise, I invest in the crypto markets almost exclusively and hence this is where my experience with this indicator comes from.
Feature List
As a general note before starting into the description of the individual features: I use the colors and values of the default settings of the indicator to describe it. The general look and feel obviously can be customized (and I highly recommend doing so, as this is a very visual representation of volume, and it should suit your way of looking at a chart) and I also tried to make the individual features as customizable as possible.
Also, all additions to the OBV itself can be turned off so that you're left with just the OBV line (although if that's what you want, I recommend a version of the indicator with less overhead).
Fields
Fields are defined as successive UPs or DOWNs on the OBV. An UP is any OBV reading above the last high pivot and subsequently a DOWN is any reading below the last low pivot. An UP-field is the time from the first UP after a DOWN-field to the first DOWN (not including). The same goes for a DOWN field but vice versa.
The field serves the same purpose as the OBV itself. To indicate momentum direction. I haven't found much use for the fields themselves other than serving as a more smoothed view on the current momentum. The real power of the fields emerges when starting to determine larger trends of off them (as you will see soon).
Therefor the fields are displayed on the indicator as background colors (UP = green, DOWN = red), but only very faint to not distract too much from the other parts of the indicator.
Major Volume Trend
The major volume trend - from which Granville says, it's the one that tends to precede price - is determined as the succession of the highest highs and lowest lows of UP and DOWN fields. It is represented by the colors of the numbers printed on the highs and lows of the fields.
The trend to be "Rising" is defined as the highest high of an UP field being higher than the highest high of the last UP field and the lowest low of the last DOWN field being higher than the lowest low of the prior DOWN field. And vice versa for a "Falling" trend. If the trend does not have a rising or falling pattern, it is said to be "Doubtful". The colors are indicated as follows:
Rising = green
Falling = red
Doubtful = blue
ZigZag Swing count
The swing count is determined by counting the number of swings within a trend (as described above) and is represented by the numbers above the highs and lows of the fields. It determines the length and thus strength of a trend.
In general there are two ways to determine the count. The first one is by counting the swings between pivots and the second one by counting the swings between highs and lows of fields. This indicator represents the SECOND one as it represents the longer term trend (which I'm more interested in as it denotes a longer term perspective).
However, the ZigZag count has three applications on the OBV. The "simple ZigZag" is a count of three swings which mainly tells you that the shorter term momentum of the market has changed and the current trend is weakening. This doesn't mean it will reverse. A count of three downs is still healthy if it occurs on a strong uptrend (and vice versa) and it should primarily serve as a sign of caution. If the count increases beyond three, the last trend is weakening considerably, and you should probably take action.
The second count to look out for is five swings - the "compound ZigZag". If this goes hand in hand with breaking a major support/resistance on the OBV it can offer a buying/selling opportunity in the direction of the trend. Otherwise, there's a good chance that this is a reversal signal.
The third count is nine. To quote Granville directly: "there is a very strong tendency FOR MAJOR REVERSAL OF REND AFTER THE NINTH SWING" (emphasis by the author). This is something I look out for and get cautious about, although I have found signal to be weak in an overextended market. I have observed counts of 10 and even 12 which did not result in a major reversal and the market trended further after a short period of time. This is still a major sign of caution and should not be taken lightly.
Moving average
Although Granville talks only briefly about averages and the only mention of a specific one is the 10MA, I found moving averages to be a very valuable addition to my analysis of the OBV movements.
The indicator uses three Exponential Moving Averages. A long term one to determine the general direction and two short term ones to determine the momentum of the trend. Especially for the latter two, keep in mind that those are very indirect as they are indicators of an indicator anyway and I they should not necessarily be used as support or resistance (although that might sometimes be helpful). I recommend paying most attention to the longterm average as I've found it to be very accurate when determining the longterm trend of a market (even better than the same indicator on the price).
If the OBV is above the long term average, the space between OBV and average is filled green and filled red if below. The colors and defaults for the averages are:
long term, 144EMA, green
short term 1, 21EMA, blue
short term 2, 55EMA, red
Divergences
This is a very rudimentary adaption of the standard TradingView "Divergence Indicator". I find it helpful to have these on the radar, but do not actively use them (as in having a strategy based on OBV/price divergence). This is something that I would eventually pick up in a later version of the indicator if there is any demand for it, or I find the time to look into strategies based on this.
Comparison line
A small but very helpful addition to the indicator is a horizontal line that traces the current OBV value in real time, which makes it very easy to compare the current value of the OBV to historic values (which is a study I can highly recommend).
Price Action - Support & Resistance by DGTSᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ , is undoubtedly one of the key concepts of technical analysis
█ Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ Dᴇꜰɪɴɪᴛɪᴏɴ
Support and Resistance terms are used by traders to refer to price levels on charts that tend to act as barriers, preventing the price of an financial instrument from getting pushed in a certain direction.
A support level is a price level where buyers are more aggressive than sellers. This means that the price is more likely to "bounce" off this level rather than break through it. However, once the price has breached this level it is likely to continue falling until meeting another support level.
A resistance level is the opposite of a support level. It is where the price tends to find resistance as it rises. Again, this means that the price is more likely to "bounce" off this level rather than break through it. However, once the price has breached this level it is likely to continue rising until meeting another resistance level.
A previous support level will sometimes become a resistance level when the price attempts to move back up, and conversely, a resistance level will become a support level as the price temporarily falls back.
█ Iᴅᴇɴᴛɪꜰʏɪɴɢ Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ
Support and resistance can come in various forms, and the concept is more difficult to master than it first appears. Identification of key support and resistance levels is an essential ingredient to successful technical analysis.
If the price stalls and reverses in the same price area on minimum of two different occasions, then a horizontal line is drawn to show that the market is struggling to move past that area. Those areas are static barriers, one of the most popular forms of support/resistance and are highlighted with horizontal lines.
Repeated test , the more often a support/resistance level is "tested" over an extended period of time (touched and bounced off by price), the more significance is given to that specific level
High volume , the more buying and selling that has occurred at a particular price level, the stronger the support or resistance level is likely to be
Market psychology , plays a major role as traders and investors remember the past and react to changing conditions to anticipate future market movement.
Psychological levels , is a price level that significantly affects the price of an underlying financial instrument. Typically, near round numbers often serve as support and resistance
The following support and resistance related topics are beyond the scope of this study, so they will be mentioned roughly only as a reference for support and resistance concept
Trendlines , Support and resistance levels in trends are dynamic. Throughout an uptrend, levels of support tend to look like a trendline, usually clustering around higher lows. As the price rises, the price where buyers consider the stock to be “too cheap” also changes, which creates new support levels on the way up. The same is also true for resistance levels. In an uptrend, a stock is continuously breaking through perceived resistance levels and making new highs
Moving Averages , is a constantly changing line that smooths out past price data while also allowing the trader to identify support and resistance. In the example Notice how the price of the asset finds support at the moving average when the trend is up, and how it acts as resistance when the trend is down
The Fibonacci Retracement/Extension tool , is a favorite among many short-term traders because it clearly identifies levels of potential support and resistance
Pivot Point Calculations , is another common technical analysis technique, where pivot point is calculated based on the high, low, and closing prices of previous trading session/day and support & resistance levels are projected based on the pivot point, different calculation techniques are available, as presented in this example of an pivot point indicator : PVTvX by DGT
█ Tʀᴀᴅɪɴɢ Bᴀꜱᴇᴅ ᴏɴ Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ
Once an area or "zone" of support or resistance has been identified, those price levels can serve as potential entry or exit points because, as a price reaches a point of support or resistance, it will do one of two things—bounce back away from the support or resistance level (trading ranges), or violate the price level and continue in its direction (trading breakouts) —until it hits the next support or resistance level
The basic trading method for using support and resistance is to buy near support in uptrends or the parts of ranges or chart patterns where prices are moving up and to sell/sell short near resistance in downtrends or the parts of ranges and chart patterns where prices are moving down. Buying near support or selling near resistance can pay off, but there is no assurance that the support or resistance will hold. Therefore, consider waiting for some confirmation that the market is still respecting that area
Trading breakouts, a breakout is a potential trading opportunity that occurs when an asset's price moves above a resistance level or moves below a support level on increasing volume. The first step in trading breakouts is to identify current price trend patterns along with support and resistance levels in order to plan possible entry and exit points. Once the asset trades beyond the price barrier, volatility tends to increase and prices usually trend in the breakout's direction. Breakouts are such an important trading strategy since these setups are the starting point for future volatility increases, large price swings and, in many circumstances, major price trends. When trading breakouts, it is important to consider the underlying asset's support and resistance levels. The more times an asset price has touched these areas, the more valid these levels are and the more important they become. At the same time, the longer these support and resistance levels have been in play, the better the outcome when the asset price finally breaks out. Asset prices will often move slightly further than we expect them to. This doesn't happen all the time, but when it does it is called a false breakout. Therefore it is important to consider waiting for some confirmation while trading breakouts. It’s also popular for traders to sell 50% of their positions at the resistance level, and hold the rest in anticipation of a breakout above resistance
█ Pʀɪᴄᴇ Aᴄᴛɪᴏɴ - Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ & Rᴇꜱɪꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ʙʏ DGT Sᴛᴜᴅʏ
This experimental study attempts to identify the support and resistance levels. Assumes a simple logic to discover moments where the price is rising or falling consecutively for minimum 3 bars with the condition volume increases on each bar and the last bar’s volume should be bigger than the long term volume moving average. A line will be drawn at the end of the move (highest or lowest, depending on the move direction), the line will be drawn at minimum on the 3rd bar and if condition holds for other consecutive bars the line will switch to 4th, 5th etc bar.
Lines will not be deleted so the historical ones will remain and will emphasis the levels significance when they overlap in feature. Strong levels are more likely to hold and cause the price to move in the other direction, whereas the minor levels may only cause the price to pause and keep moving in the same direction. Determining future levels of support and resistance can drastically improve the returns of a short-term investing strategy
Bar colors will be painted based on the volume of the specific bar to its long term volume moving average. This will help identifying the support and resistance levels significance and emphasis the sings of breakouts
Finally, Volume spikes will be marked on top of the price chart. A high volume usually indicates more interest in the security and the presence of institutional traders. However, a rapidly rising price in an uptrend accompanied by a huge volume may be a sign of exhaustion. Traders usually look for breaks of support and resistance to enter positions. When security break critical levels without volume , you should consider the breakout suspect and prime for a reversal off the highs/lows. Volume spikes are often the result of news-driven events. Volume spike will often lead to sharp reversals since the moves are unsustainable due to the imbalance of supply and demand
A good example with many support and resistance concepts observed on a stock chart and detected by the study
Settings:
Length of volume moving average, where volume moving average is used to detect support and resistance levels, is used as reference to compare with threshold values for volume spikes and colors of the bars
Hint, to get more historical lines scrolling chart to left will enable visualization of them. Please note they may appear to much all 500 line limit is used 😉
Special thanks to @HEMANT Telegram user, for his observations and suggestions
Disclaimer:
Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitute professional and/or financial advice. You alone have the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
Trend Thrust Indicator - RafkaThis indicator defines the impact of volume on the volume-weighted moving average, emphasizing trends with greater volume.
What determines a security’s value? Price is the agreement to exchange despite the possible disagreement in value. Price is the conviction, emotion, and volition of investors. It is not a constant but is influenced by information, opinions, and emotions over time. Volume represents this degree of conviction and is the embodiment of information and opinions flowing through investor channels. It is the asymmetry between the volume being forced through supply (offers) and demand (bids) that facilitates price change. Quantifying the extent of asymmetry between price trends and the corresponding volume flows is a primary objective of volume analysis. Volume analysis research reveals that volume often leads price but may also be used to confirm the present price trend.
Trend thrust indicator
The trend thrust indicator (TTI), an enhanced version of the volume-weighted moving average convergence/divergence (VW-Macd) indicator, was introduced in Buff Pelz Dormeier's book 'Investing With Volume Analysis'. The TTI uses a volume multiplier in unique ways to exaggerate the impact of volume on volume-weighted moving averages. Like the VW-Macd, the TTI uses volume-weighted moving averages as opposed to exponential moving averages. Volume-weighted averages weigh closing prices proportionally to the volume traded during each time period, so the TTI gives greater emphasis to those price trends with greater volume and less emphasis to time periods with lighter volume. In the February 2001 issue of Stocks & Commodities, I showed that volume-weighted moving averages (Buff averages, or Vwmas) improve responsiveness while increasing reliability of simple moving averages.
Like the Macd and VW-Macd, the TTI calculates a spread by subtracting the short (fast) average from the long (slow) average. This spread combined with a volume multiplier creates the Buff spread
L2 Candle Pattern ScalperLevel: 2
Background
Japanese candlesticks provide more detailed and accurate information about price movements compared to bar charts. They provide a graphical representation of the supply and demand behind the price promotions for each period. Each candlestick contains a central part that indicates the distance between the opening and closing of the security being traded, the area called the body.
Scalping is a trading strategy that aims to take advantage of minor changes in the stock price. Traders using this strategy place anywhere from 10 to a few hundred trades in a single day with the belief that small moves in the stock price are easier to catch than large ones. Traders who implement this strategy are known as scalpers. Lots of small wins can easily lead to big wins if a strict exit strategy is used to prevent big losses.
Function
L2 Candle Pattern Scalper utilizes candle pattern to decide long and short entry signal. It use inherent candles' relationship nearby to judge the market trend is up or down and decide to long or short.
Signal
buysmall --> long entry
exitred --> short entry
Pros and Cons
Pros:
1. its response is fast because OHLC candle is the raw source of market
2. it is suitable for scalping because it studies nearby candles to judge very short term trend change
Cons:
1. Mid-long term change is missing from this indicator, although I use fast and slow lines to indicate the mid-term trend.
2. No stop loss or take profit scheme is introduced.
Remarks
This is promising but need efforts to refine it.
Readme
In real life, I am a prolific inventor. I have successfully applied for more than 60 international and regional patents in the past 12 years. But in the past two years or so, I have tried to transfer my creativity to the development of trading strategies. Tradingview is the ideal platform for me. I am selecting and contributing some of the hundreds of scripts to publish in Tradingview community. Welcome everyone to interact with me to discuss these interesting pine scripts.
The scripts posted are categorized into 5 levels according to my efforts or manhours put into these works.
Level 1 : interesting script snippets or distinctive improvement from classic indicators or strategy. Level 1 scripts can usually appear in more complex indicators as a function module or element.
Level 2 : composite indicator/strategy. By selecting or combining several independent or dependent functions or sub indicators in proper way, the composite script exhibits a resonance phenomenon which can filter out noise or fake trading signal to enhance trading confidence level.
Level 3 : comprehensive indicator/strategy. They are simple trading systems based on my strategies. They are commonly containing several or all of entry signal, close signal, stop loss, take profit, re-entry, risk management, and position sizing techniques. Even some interesting fundamental and mass psychological aspects are incorporated.
Level 4 : script snippets or functions that do not disclose source code. Interesting element that can reveal market laws and work as raw material for indicators and strategies. If you find Level 1~2 scripts are helpful, Level 4 is a private version that took me far more efforts to develop.
Level 5 : indicator/strategy that do not disclose source code. private version of Level 3 script with my accumulated script processing skills or a large number of custom functions. I had a private function library built in past two years. Level 5 scripts use many of them to achieve private trading strategy.
Neglected Volume by DGTVolume is one piece of information that is often neglected, however, learning to interpret volume brings many advantages and could be of tremendous help when it comes to analyzing the markets. In addition to technicians, fundamental investors also take notice of the numbers of shares traded for a given security.
What is Volume?
The volume represents all the recorded trades for a security that occurs in a given time interval. It is a measurement of the participation, enthusiasm, and interest in a given security. Think of volume as the force that drives the market. Volume substantiates, energizes, and empowers price. When volume increases, it confirms price direction; when volume decreases, it contradicts price direction.
In theory, increases in volume generally precede significant price movements. However, If the price is rising in an uptrend but the volume is reducing or unchanged, it may show that there’s little interest in the security, and the price may reverse.
A high volume usually indicates more interest in the security and the presence of institutional traders. However, a rapidly rising price in an uptrend accompanied by a huge volume may be a sign of exhaustion.
Traders usually look for breaks of support and resistance to enter positions. When security break critical levels without volume, you should consider the breakout suspect and prime for a reversal off the highs/lows
Volume spikes are often the result of news-driven events. Volume spike will often lead to sharp reversals since the moves are unsustainable due to the imbalance of supply and demand
note : there’s no centralized exchange where trades are recorded, so the volume data represents what happens at a particular exchange only
In most charting platforms, the volume indicator is presented as color-coded bars, green if the security closes up and red if the security closed lower, where the height of the bars show the amount of the recorded trades
Within this study, Relative Volume , Volume Weighted Bars and Volume Moving Average are presented, where Relative Volume relates current trading volume to past trading volume over long period, Volume Weighted Bars presents price bars colored based on short period past trading volume average, and Volume Moving Average is average of volume over shot period
Relative Volume is presented as color-coded bars similar to regular Volume indicator but uses four color codes instead two. Notable increases of volume are presented in green and red while average values with back and gray, hence adding ability to emphasis notable increases in the volume. It is kind of a like a radar for how "in-play" a security is. Users are allowed to change the threshold, default value is set to Fibonacci golden ration standard deviation away from its moving average.
Volume Weighted Bars, a study of Kıvanç Özbilgiç, aims to present if price movements are supported by Volume. Volume Weighted Bars are calculated based on shot period volume moving average which will reflect more recent changes in volume. Price actions with high volume will be displayed with darker colors, average volume values will remain as they are and low volume values will be indicated with lighter colors.
Volume Moving Average, Is short period volume moving average, aims to display visually the volume changes. Please not that Relative Volume bars are calculated based on standard deviation of long volume moving average.
What Else?
Apart from the volume itself, your ability to assess what volume is telling you in conjunction with price action can be a key factor in your ability to turn a profit in the market. It makes little sense to analyze the volume alone. To correctly interpret the volume data, it shall be seen in the light of what the price is doing. there are a lot of other indicators that are based on the volume data as well as price action. Analysing those volume indicators has always helped traders and investors to better understand what is happening in the market.
Here are the ones adapted with this study. Some of them used as a source for our aim, some adapted as they are with slight changes to fit visually to this study and please note that the numerical presentation may differ from their regular use
• On Balance Volume
• Divergence Indicator
• Correlation Coefficient
• Chaikin Money Flow
Shortly;
On Balance Volume
The On Balance Volume indicator, is a technical analysis indicator that relates volume flow to changes in a security’s price. It uses a cumulative total of positive and negative trading volume to predict the direction of price. The OBV is a volume-based momentum oscillator, so it is a leading indicator — it changes direction before the price
Granville, creator of OBV, proposed the theory that changes in volume precede price movements in a measurable way. He believed that volume was the main force behind major market moves and thought of OBV’s prediction of price changes as a compressed spring that expands rapidly when released.
It is believed that the OBV shows the interactions between the institutional and retail traders in the market
If the price makes a new high, the OBV should also make a new high. If the OBV makes a lower high when the price makes a higher high, there’s a classical bearish divergence — indicating that only the retail traders are buying. Another type of bearish divergence occurs when the price remains relatively quiet and fails to make a higher high but the OBV soars higher than the previous high — indicating that the institutional traders are accumulating short positions. On the other hand, if the price makes a lower low and the OBV makes a higher low, there is a classical bullish divergence, showing that the institutional traders don’t believe in that move
With this study, Momentum and Acceleration (optional) of OBV is calculated and presented, where momentum is most commonly referred to as a rate and measures the acceleration of the price and/or volume of a security. It is also referred to as a technical analysis indicator and oscillator that is able to determine market trends.
Additionally, smoothing functionality with Least Squares Method is added
Divergences especially, should always be noted as a possible reversal in the current trend, so the divergence indicator is adapted with this study where the Momentum of OBV is assumed as Oscillator with similar usages as to RSI. Divergence is most often used to track and analyze the momentum in an asset’s price and the odds of a price reversal within the current trend. The divergence indicator warns traders and technical analysts of changes in a price/volume trend, oftentimes that it is weakening or changing direction.
Correlation Coefficient
The correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between the relative movements of two variables. A correlation of -1.0 shows a perfect negative correlation, while a correlation of 1.0 shows a perfect positive correlation. A correlation of 0.0 shows no linear relationship between the movement of the two variables. In other words, the closer the Correlation Coefficient is to 1.0, indicates the instruments will move up and down together as it is mostly expected with volume and price. So the Correlation Coefficient Indicator aims to display when the price and volume (on balance volume) is in correlation and when not. With this study blue represent positive correlation while orange negative correlation. The strength of the correlation is determined by the width of the bands, to emphasis the effect horizontal lines are drawn with values set to 0.5 and -0.5. the values above 0.5 (or below -0.5) shows stronger correlation.
Chaikin Money Flow , provide optionally as a companion indicator
The Chaikin money flow indicator (CMF) is a volume indicator that measures the money flow volume over a chosen period. The money flow volume is a measure of the volume and where the price closed relative to the trading session’s range. It comes from the idea that buying pressure is indicated by a rising volume and recurrent closes in the upper part of the session’s price range while selling pressure is demonstrated by an increasing volume and repeated closes in the lower part of the price range.
Both buying and selling pressures are accompanied by an increase in volume, but the location of the closing prices are in accordance with the direction of price
Special thanks to @InvestCHK and @hjsjshs , who have enormously contributed while preparing this study
related studies:
Disclaimer:
Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitute professional and/or financial advice. You alone have the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
Derivative Pivot HL Points Hello.
This script aims to take into account mutable variable Pivot Points' periods.
While doing this, it takes the period between 2 signals that I use in the script:
And these periods in my Pivot HL function integrated into len length (Mutable variables) :
The cornerstone of the script is these facts.
Pivot can be optimized by playing with reversal periods.
These pre-formed levels can be used as Supply and Demand levels.
Regards.
Multi Oscillator Divergence IndicatorTradingview Built-in Divergence Indicator with RSI is extended for Price Divergence with
- RSI
- MACD
- Sochastic
- Money Flow
- Demand Index
- Chaikin Money Flow
Thanks to tradingview for providing this unique indicator.
Higher Timeframe Trend Indicator V3.0What is it?
An indicator that depicts the trend of up to 5 higher timeframes on the same chart without needing to context-switch between charts.
Features
- Supports up to 5 timeframes
- Trends indicated by 5 colored buttons: one for each timeframe
- Varying shades of green: uptrend
- Varying shades of red: downtrend
- White/silver: sideways/neutral
- Configurable length (time period) for each timeframe
- Increase length to capture long term trends; decrease it to capture only short term ones
- Configurable sensitivity for each timeframe
- Sensitivity determines what angle is considered trending and what is not
- Increase sensitivity to capture weak trends
- Decrease sensitivity to filter out weak trends and capture only strong/steep ones
- Sensitivity ranges from 1 (least sensitive) to 3 (most sensitive)
- Move the labels around vertically for better visibility by changing the "Location" and "Offset" parameters
How should one use it?
Use it to quickly browse through charts to understand the context across timeframes, and zero in on only those that have trends aligning on the higher and lower timeframes as per your strategy. For e.g., a chart that is trending up strongly on the 15min and 60min (indicated by dark green colored buttons), and trending down on the 1 and/or 5 min (indicated by red-colored buttons), can be shortlisted for a potential pullback trade. Use your favorite pullback strategy (Supply/Demand, Support/Resistance, Moving Averages, etc.) to hop in on the trend.
How are trends determined?
The indicator uses normalized %change in price of the linear regression line segment of the chosen price sources (close, high, low, MA, etc.) over a specified length to determine trend direction and intensity
Known Issues
Will indicate the trend correctly only for timeframes *higher* than the current (visible) resolution/timeframe of the chart. Might not indicate it correctly for lower timeframes ( i.e., lower than the current (visible) resolution/timeframe of the chart). For this reason, all timeframes lower than the current resolution will be hidden in the present release.
Future releases
- I am still experimenting with various sensitivity levels and the corresponding trend shades to make the tool as accurate and intuitive as possible. These modifications might come in
- Sensitivity levels might be increased.
- Bug fixes, if any
MACD-X, More Than MACD by DGTMoving Average Convergence Divergence – MACD
The most popular indicator used in technical analysis, the moving average convergence divergence (MACD), created by Gerald Appel. MACD is a trend-following momentum indicator, designed to reveal changes in the strength, direction, momentum, and duration of a trend in a financial instrument’s price
Historical evolution of MACD,
- Gerald Appel created the MACD line,
- Thomas Aspray added the histogram feature to MACD
- Giorgos E. Siligardos created a leader of MACD
MACD employs two Moving Averages of varying lengths (which are lagging indicators) to identify trend direction and duration. Then, MACD takes the difference in values between those two Moving Averages (MACD Line) and an EMA of those Moving Averages (Signal Line) and plots that difference between the two lines as a histogram which oscillates above and below a center Zero Line. The histogram is used as a good indication of a security's momentum.
Mathematically expressed as;
macd = ma(source, fast_length) – ma(source, slow_length)
signal = ma(macd, signal_length)
histogram = macd – signal
where exponential moving average (ema) is in common use as a moving average (ma)
fast_length = 12
slow_length = 26
signal_length = 9
The MACD indicator is typically good for identifying three types of basic signals ;
Signal Line Crossovers
A Signal Line Crossover is the most common signal produced by the MACD. On the occasions where the MACD Line crosses above or below the Signal Line, that can signify a potentially strong move. The standard interpretation of such an event is a recommendation to buy if the MACD line crosses up through the Signal Line (a "bullish" crossover), or to sell if it crosses down through the Signal Line (a "bearish" crossover). These events are taken as indications that the trend in the financial instrument is about to accelerate in the direction of the crossover.
Zero Line Crossovers
Zero Line Crossovers occur when the MACD Line crossed the Zero Line and either becomes positive (above 0) or negative (below 0). A change from positive to negative MACD is interpreted as "bearish", and from negative to positive as "bullish". Zero crossovers provide evidence of a change in the direction of a trend but less confirmation of its momentum than a signal line crossover
Divergence
Divergence is another signal created by the MACD. Simply, divergence occurs when the MACD and actual price are not in agreement. A "positive divergence" or "bullish divergence" occurs when the price makes a new low but the MACD does not confirm with a new low of its own. A "negative divergence" or "bearish divergence" occurs when the price makes a new high but the MACD does not confirm with a new high of its own. A divergence with respect to price may occur on the MACD line and/or the MACD Histogram
Moving Average Crossovers , another hidden signal that MACD Indicator identifies
Many traders will watch for a short-term moving average to cross above a longer-term moving average and use this to signal increasing upward momentum. This bullish crossover suggests that the price has recently been rising at a faster rate than it has in the past, so it is a common technical buy sign. Conversely, a short-term moving average crossing below a longer-term average is used to illustrate that the asset's price has been moving downward at a faster rate and that it may be a good time to sell.
Moving Average Crossovers in reality is Zero Line Crossovers, the value of the MACD indicator is equal to zero each time the two moving averages cross over each other. For easy interpretation by trades, Zero Line Crossovers are simply described as positive or negative MACD
False signals
Like any forecasting algorithm, the MACD can generate false signals. A false positive, for example, would be a bullish crossover followed by a sudden decline in a financial instrument. A false negative would be a situation where there is bearish crossover, yet the financial instrument accelerated suddenly upwards
What is “MACD-X” and Why it is “More Than MACD”
In its simples form, MACD-X implements variety of different calculation techniques applied to obtain MACD Line, ability to use of variety of different sources , including Volume related sources, and can be plotted along with MACD in the same window and all those features are available and presented within a single indicator, MACD-X
Different calculation techniques lead to different values for MACD Line, as will further discuss below, and as a consequence the signal line and the histogram values will differentiate accordingly. Mathematical calculation of both signal line and the histogram remain the same.
Main features of MACD-X ;
1- Introduces different proven techniques applied on MACD calculation , such as MACD-Histogram, MACD-Leader and MACD-Source, besides the traditional MACD (MACD-TRADITIONAL)
• MACD-Traditional , by Gerald Appel
It is the MACD that we know, stated as traditional just to avoid confusion with other techniques used with this study
• MACD-Histogram , by Thomas Aspray
The MACD-Histogram measures the distance between MACD and its signal line (the 9-day EMA of MACD). Aspray developed the MACD-Histogram to anticipate signal line crossovers in MACD. Because MACD uses moving averages and moving averages lag price, signal line crossovers can come late and affect the reward-to-risk ratio of a trade. Bullish or bearish divergences in the MACD-Histogram can alert chartists to an imminent signal line crossover in MACD
The MACD-Histogram represents the difference between MACD and its 9-day EMA, the signal line. Mathematically,
macdx = macd - ma(macd, signal_length)
Aspray's contribution served as a way to anticipate (and therefore cut down on lag) possible MACD crossovers which are a fundamental part of the indicator.
Here come a question, what if repeat the same calculations once more (macdh2 = macdh - ma(macdh, signal_length), will it be even better, this question will remain to be tested
• MACD-Leader , by Giorgos E. Siligardos, PhD
MACD Leader has the ability to lead MACD at critical situations. Almost all smoothing methods encounter in technical analysis are based on a relative-weighted sum of past prices, and the Leader is no exception. The concealed weights of MACD Leader are such that more relative weight is used in the more recent prices than the respective weights used by the components of MACD. In effect, the Leader expresses more changes in average price dynamics for the recent price movement than MACD, thus eventually leading MACD, especially when significant trend changes are about to take place.
Siligardos creates two less-laggard moving averages indicators in its formula using the same periods as follows
Indicator1 = ma(source, fast_length) + ma(source - ma(source, fast_length), fast_length)
Indicator2 = ma(source, slow_length) + ma(source - ma(source, slow_length), slow_length)
and then take the difference:
Indicator1 - Indicator2
The result is a new MACD Leader indicator
macdx = macd + ma(source - fast_ma, fast_length) - ma(source - slow_ma, slow_length)
• MACD-Source , a custom experimental interpretation of mine ,
MACD Source, presents an application of MACD that evaluates Source/MA Ratio, relatively with less lag, as a basis for MACD Line, also can be expressed as source convergence/divergence to its moving average. Among the various techniques for removing the lag between price and moving average (MA) of the price, one in particular stands out: the addition to the moving average of a portion of the difference between the price and MA. MACD Source, is based on signal length mean of the difference between Source and average value of shot length and long length moving average of the source (Source/MA Ratio), where the source is actual value and hence no lag and relatively less lag with the average value of moving average of the source . Mathematically expressed as,
macdx = ma(source - avg( ma(source, fast_length), ma(source, slow_length) ), signal_length)
MACD Source provides relatively early crossovers comparing to MACD and better momentum direction indications, assuming the lengths are set to same values
For further details, you are invited to check the following two studies, where the first seeds were sown of the MACD-Source idea
Price Distance to its Moving Averages study, adapts the idea of “Prices high above the moving average (MA) or low below it are likely to be remedied in the future by a reverse price movement", presented in an article by Denis Alajbeg, Zoran Bubas and Dina Vasic published in International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management
First MACD like interpretation comes with the second study named as “ P-MACD ”, where P stands for price, P-MACD study attempts to display relationship between Price and its 20 and 200-period moving average. Calculations with P-MACD were based on price distance (convergence/divergence) to its 200-period moving average, and moving average convergence/divergence of 20-period moving average to 200-period moving average of price.
Now as explained above, MACD Source is a one adapted with traditional MACD, where Source stands for Price, Volume Indicator etc, any source applicable with MACD concept
2- Allows usage of variety of different sources, including Volume related indicators
The most common usage of Source for MACD calculation is close value of the financial instruments price. As an experimental approach, this study will allow source to be selected as one of the following series;
• Current Close Price (close)
• Average of High, Low, and Close Price (hlc3)
• On Balance Volume (obv)
• Accumulation Distribution (accdist)
• Price Volume Trend (pvt)
Where,
-Current Close Price and Average of High, Low, and Close Price are price actions of the financial instrument
- Accumulation Distribution is a volume based indicator designed to measure underlying supply and demand
- On Balance Volume (OBV) , is a momentum indicator that measures positive and negative volume flow
- Price Volume Trend (PVT) is a momentum based indicator used to measure money flow
3- Can be plotted along with MACD in the same window using the same scaling
Default setting of MACD-X will display MACD-Source with Current Close Price as a source and traditional MACD can be plotted eighter as a companion of MACD-X or can be selected to be plotted alone.
Applying both will add ability to compare, or use as a confirmation of one other
In case, traditional MACD Is plotted along with MACD-X to avoid misinterpreting, the lines plotted, the area between MACD-X Line and Signal-X Line is highlighted automatically, even if the highlight option not selected. Otherwise highlight will be applied only if that option selected
4- 4C Histogram
Histogram is plotted with four colors to emphasize the momentum and direction
5- Customizable
Additional to ability of selecting Calculation Method, Source, plotting along with MACD, there are few other option that allows users to customize the MACD-X indicator
Lengths are configurable, default values are set as 12, 26, 9 respectively for fast, slow and smoothing length. Setting lengths to 8,21,5 respectively Is worth checking, slower length moving averages will lead to less lag and earlier reaction to price actions but yet requires a caution and back testing before applying
Highlight the area between MACD-X Line and Signal-X Line, with colors emphasising the direction
Label can be added to display Calculation Method, Source and Length settings, the aim of this label is to server only as a reminder to trades to be aware of settings while they are occupied with charts, analysis etc.
Here comes another question, which is of more importance having the reminder or having the indicators with multi timeframe feature? Build-in Multi Time Frame features of Pine is not supported when labels and lines introduced in the script, there are other methods but brings complexity. To be studied further, this version will be with labels for time being.
Epilogue
MACD-X is an alternative variant of MACD, the insight/signals provided by MACD are also applicable to MACD-X with early and clear warnings for the changes in the trend.
If MACD is essential to your analysis, then it is my guess that after using the MACD-X for a while and familiarizing yourself with its unique character and personality, you will make it an inseparable companion to other indicators in your charts.
The various signals generated by MACD/MACD-X are easily interpreted and very few indicators in technical analysis have proved to be more reliable than the MACD, and this relatively simple indicator can quickly be incorporated into any short-term trading strategy
Disclaimer : Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitutes professional and/or financial advice. You alone the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
Standard Deviation Volatility HelperHere is a simple Standard Deviation Line based on supply and demand that will help you to find expected move easily. 3 Standart Deviation merged line available. Number of days and adjustable length.
Relative Strength of Volume Indicators by DGTThe Relative Strength Index (RSI) , developed by J. Welles Wilder, is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements.
• Traditionally the RSI is considered overbought when above 70 and may be primed for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price, and oversold or undervalued condition when below 30. During strong trends, the RSI may remain in overbought or oversold for extended periods.
• Signals can be generated by looking for divergences and failure swings. If underlying prices make a new high or low that isn't confirmed by the RSI, this divergence can signal a price reversal. If the RSI makes a lower high and then follows with a downside move below a previous low, a Top Swing Failure has occurred. If the RSI makes a higher low and then follows with an upside move above a previous high, a Bottom Swing Failure has occurred
• RSI can also be used to identify the general trend. In an uptrend or bull market, the RSI tends to remain in the 40 to 90 range with the 40-50 zone acting as support. During a downtrend or bear market the RSI tends to stay between the 10 to 60 range with the 50-60 zone acting as resistance
This study aim to implement Relative Strength concept on most common Volume indicators, such as
• Accumulation Distribution is a volume based indicator designed to measure underlying supply and demand
• Elder's Force Index (EFI) measures the power behind a price movement using price and volume
• Money Flow Index (MFI) measures buying and selling pressure through analyzing both price and volume (used as it is)
• On Balance Volume (OBV) , created by Joe Granville, is a momentum indicator that measures positive and negative volume flow
• Price Volume Trend (PVT) is a momentum based indicator used to measure money flow
Plotting will be performed for regular RSI and RSI of Volume indicator (RSI(VOLX)) selected from the dialog box, where the possibility to apply smoothing is provided as option. Additionally, labels can be added optionally to display the value and name of selected volume indicator
Secondly, ability to present Volume Histogram within the same study along with its Moving Average or Volume Oscillator based on selection
Finally, Volume Based Colored Bars , a study of Kıvanç Özbilgiç is added to emphasis volume changes on top of the bars
Nothing excessively new, the study combines RSI with;
- RSI concept applied to some of the common Volume indicators presented with a highlighted over/under valued threshold area, optional labeling and smoothing,
- added Volume data with additional information and
- colored bars based on volume
Thanks @Vishant_Meshram for the inspiration 🙏
Disclaimer:
Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitute professional and/or financial advice. You alone have the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold dgtrd TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script
